Taking John Schulenberg's "long view" on successful transitions to adulthood: Associations with adult substance use.

IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES
W Andrew Rothenberg, Jennifer W Godwin, William E Copeland, Lilly Shanahan, Lauren Gaydosh, Iliya Gutin, Asha Coltrane
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Abstract

Can positive transitions into young adulthood at age 25 prevent problematic substance use at age 31, even in the context of childhood adverse family environments, conduct problems, and adolescent substance use? We lean on John Schulenberg's developmental framework to examine this question, focusing on the potential young adult milestones of high school and college graduation, employment, residential independence, romantic partnership, and parenthood. Data came from a prospective-longitudinal multi-method study with N = 1199 participants who were first assessed at age 5 years old and followed to age 31. An accumulation of positive transitions in young adulthood (age 25) was associated with lower likelihood of age 31 problematic cannabis use. The protective effect for problematic cannabis use remained even when adjusting for childhood adverse family environments and was primarily driven by successful college graduation and/or home ownership. The accumulation of positive transitions protected individuals at modest to somewhat elevated risk due to childhood adverse family environments from experiencing age 31 cannabis use problems. However, for other individuals with very high numbers of conduct problems, or with high levels of adolescent substance use, the protective effects of accumulated positive transitions to young adulthood were less strong or nonexistent. Moreover, individuals who completed college or obtained full-time employment by 25 were more likely to report problematic age 31 alcohol use. These findings highlight the central tenets of John Schulenberg's developmental framework, including the examination of ontogenetic continuity and discontinuity, the interplay of developmentally distal and proximal effects, and the identification of developmental protective factors that may sway people toward or away from substance use.

以约翰-舒伦伯格的 "长远眼光 "看待成功过渡到成年:与成人药物使用的关系。
即使在童年不利的家庭环境、行为问题和青少年药物使用的背景下,25 岁时进入青年期的积极过渡能否防止 31 岁时出现药物使用问题?我们借鉴约翰-舒伦伯格的发展框架来研究这个问题,重点关注高中和大学毕业、就业、居住独立、恋爱关系和为人父母等潜在的年轻成人里程碑。数据来自于一项前瞻性纵向多方法研究,共有 1199 名参与者,他们在 5 岁时接受首次评估,并一直跟踪到 31 岁。在青年时期(25 岁)积累的积极转变与 31 岁时出现问题大麻使用的可能性较低有关。即使对童年的不良家庭环境进行调整,对问题性大麻使用的保护作用依然存在,其主要驱动因素是大学顺利毕业和/或拥有住房。积极转变的积累保护了因童年不利家庭环境而面临适度或略微高风险的个人,使其在 31 岁时不会出现大麻使用问题。然而,对于其他行为问题极多或青少年药物使用水平较高的人来说,累积的积极过渡对青年期的保护作用并不强烈或根本不存在。此外,在 25 岁之前完成大学学业或获得全职工作的人更有可能在 31 岁时出现酗酒问题。这些发现凸显了约翰-舒伦伯格发展框架的核心原则,包括研究本体的连续性和不连续性、发展远期效应和近期效应的相互作用,以及识别可能左右人们使用或不使用药物的发展保护因素。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
97
期刊介绍: Multidisciplinary and international in scope, the Journal of Research on Adolescence (JRA) significantly advances knowledge in the field of adolescent research. Employing a diverse array of methodologies, this compelling journal publishes original research and integrative reviews of the highest level of scholarship. Featured studies include both quantitative and qualitative methodologies applied to cognitive, physical, emotional, and social development and behavior. Articles pertinent to the variety of developmental patterns inherent throughout adolescence are featured, including cross-national and cross-cultural studies. Attention is given to normative patterns of behavior as well as individual differences rooted in personal or social and cultural factors.
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