Application of Sol-Gel Method for Synthesis of Nanostructured Piezoelectric Materials Based on Lead Zirconate-Titanate System — A Review. Part 1. Powders Synthesis

Abstract

This study presents a review of progress in the sol-gel method for the synthesis of powders of ferroelectric ceramics based on the PbTiO₃–PbZrO₃ system, which involves the controlled hydrolysis of the mixtures of salts or organometallic compounds of lead, zirconium, and titanium. To obtain materials based on the PbTiO₃–PbZrO₃ system, attention is paid to the sol-gel conditions, heat treatment conditions, raw materials, conditions to obtain precursors, gels drying, and PbTiO₃–PbZrO₃ powder crystallization.