A Scale for Measuring Positive and Negative Experiences of Psychotherapy (PNEP): First Psychometric Findings of a New Instrument for Monitoring Clients' Experiences

IF 3.2 3区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI:10.1002/cpp.3014

Brechje Dandachi-FitzGerald, Sanne T. L. Houben, Nick J. Broers, Harald Merckelbach

{"title":"A Scale for Measuring Positive and Negative Experiences of Psychotherapy (PNEP): First Psychometric Findings of a New Instrument for Monitoring Clients' Experiences","authors":"Brechje Dandachi-FitzGerald, Sanne T. L. Houben, Nick J. Broers, Harald Merckelbach","doi":"10.1002/cpp.3014","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background</h3>\n \n <p>Clients' adverse experiences during psychotherapy are rarely monitored in clinical practice or research trials. One obstacle here is the lack of a measure to gauge both positive and negative experiences during psychotherapy. We developed and evaluated a new instrument for measuring such experiences.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Method</h3>\n \n <p>The Positive and Negative Experiences of Psychotherapy (PNEP) questionnaire was developed based on pilot data, a literature review, and two existing scales for measuring primarily adverse experiences during psychotherapy. Mental healthcare clients (<i>N</i> = 200) anonymously completed and evaluated the PNEP. Subsequently, a sample of professionals (<i>N</i> = 34) who underwent psychotherapy in the context of their training filled in the PNEP twice, with a 2-week interval in between.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The positive and negative experiences subscales of the PNEP were found to possess excellent internal consistencies (αs ≥ 0.90). The PNEP test–retest reliability was 0.93 for the positive experiences subscale and 0.78 for the negative experiences subscale. For the positive subscale, four factors were extracted: symptom reduction and positive well-being, high quality of therapy and therapeutic relation, personal growth and acceptance and interpersonal functioning. For the negative subscale, exploratory factor analysis suggested a three-factor solution: escalation of symptoms and emotional distress, low quality of therapy and therapeutic relation and (self-)stigmatization and dependency. Participants related a median of 13 positive and six negative therapy experiences to their most recent treatment. The most frequently endorsed negative experiences were having more negative thoughts and memories, feeling emotionally overwhelmed and an increase in stress due to the therapy. A minority of participants (10.5%) reported no negative treatment experiences.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>In the field of psychotherapy, the evaluation of risks and benefits is crucial for assessing safety and effectiveness. The PNEP could be a promising instrument for achieving this objective, although further research is needed to replicate and expand upon the current findings.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":10460,"journal":{"name":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","volume":"31 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cpp.3014","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Clinical psychology & psychotherapy","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cpp.3014","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Clients' adverse experiences during psychotherapy are rarely monitored in clinical practice or research trials. One obstacle here is the lack of a measure to gauge both positive and negative experiences during psychotherapy. We developed and evaluated a new instrument for measuring such experiences.

Method

The Positive and Negative Experiences of Psychotherapy (PNEP) questionnaire was developed based on pilot data, a literature review, and two existing scales for measuring primarily adverse experiences during psychotherapy. Mental healthcare clients (N = 200) anonymously completed and evaluated the PNEP. Subsequently, a sample of professionals (N = 34) who underwent psychotherapy in the context of their training filled in the PNEP twice, with a 2-week interval in between.

Results

The positive and negative experiences subscales of the PNEP were found to possess excellent internal consistencies (αs ≥ 0.90). The PNEP test–retest reliability was 0.93 for the positive experiences subscale and 0.78 for the negative experiences subscale. For the positive subscale, four factors were extracted: symptom reduction and positive well-being, high quality of therapy and therapeutic relation, personal growth and acceptance and interpersonal functioning. For the negative subscale, exploratory factor analysis suggested a three-factor solution: escalation of symptoms and emotional distress, low quality of therapy and therapeutic relation and (self-)stigmatization and dependency. Participants related a median of 13 positive and six negative therapy experiences to their most recent treatment. The most frequently endorsed negative experiences were having more negative thoughts and memories, feeling emotionally overwhelmed and an increase in stress due to the therapy. A minority of participants (10.5%) reported no negative treatment experiences.

Conclusions

In the field of psychotherapy, the evaluation of risks and benefits is crucial for assessing safety and effectiveness. The PNEP could be a promising instrument for achieving this objective, although further research is needed to replicate and expand upon the current findings.

查看原文本刊更多论文

心理治疗积极和消极体验测量量表 (PNEP)：监测客户体验的新工具的首次心理测量结果

背景在临床实践或研究试验中，很少对客户在心理治疗过程中的不良体验进行监测。其中一个障碍是缺乏一种测量方法来衡量心理治疗过程中的积极和消极体验。我们开发并评估了一种测量此类体验的新工具。方法我们根据试验数据、文献综述以及现有的两个主要用于测量心理治疗过程中不良体验的量表，编制了心理治疗积极与消极体验（PNEP）问卷。心理保健客户（N = 200）匿名填写并评估了 PNEP。随后，在培训期间接受心理治疗的专业人员（34 人）抽样填写了两次 PNEP，中间间隔 2 周。结果 PNEP 的积极和消极体验分量表具有极好的内部一致性（αs ≥ 0.90）。积极经验分量表的测试再测可靠性为 0.93，消极经验分量表的测试再测可靠性为 0.78。在积极体验分量表中，提取了四个因子：症状减轻和积极的幸福感、高质量的治疗和治疗关系、个人成长和接受以及人际功能。对于消极体验子量表，探索性因子分析提出了三个因子的解决方案：症状升级和情绪困扰、低质量治疗和治疗关系以及（自我）污名化和依赖性。在最近一次治疗中，受试者有 13 次积极的治疗经历和 6 次消极的治疗经历。最常提及的负面经历是有更多的负面想法和记忆、感觉情绪失控以及治疗导致压力增加。少数参与者（10.5%）表示没有负面治疗经历。结论在心理治疗领域，对风险和益处的评估对于评估安全性和有效性至关重要。尽管还需要进一步的研究来复制和扩展目前的研究结果，但 PNEP 可能是实现这一目标的一个很有前途的工具。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Clinical psychology & psychotherapy PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL-

CiteScore

6.30

自引率

5.60%

发文量

106

期刊介绍： Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy aims to keep clinical psychologists and psychotherapists up to date with new developments in their fields. The Journal will provide an integrative impetus both between theory and practice and between different orientations within clinical psychology and psychotherapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy will be a forum in which practitioners can present their wealth of expertise and innovations in order to make these available to a wider audience. Equally, the Journal will contain reports from researchers who want to address a larger clinical audience with clinically relevant issues and clinically valid research.