Biowaste Valorization of Palm Tree Phoenix dactylifera L. for Nanocellulose Production

IF 3.8 4区 工程技术 Q1 BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS
Randa Mohammed Dhahi, Mohammed Majeed Mohammed, Haitham Mawlood Mikhlif
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The desire to reduce reliance on oil resources arises from the concerns about carbon footprint and nonrenewability. Conversely, the global presence of over 100 million palm trees poses a significant challenge due to the substantial amount of biowaste generated annually. Additionally, the use of nanocellulose (NC) as a cost-effective material is steadily gaining recognition for its growing adaptability over time. The main goal of this study is to biosynthesized NC from Iraqi date palm Phoenix dactylifera leaves waste with low-concentration acid-alkali treatment. The date palm leaves waste yields 20 g of NC from 100 g of leaves before acid hydrolysis treatment. The chemical components of biosynthesized NC were 47.90%, 26.78%, and 24.67% for α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, respectively. In order to study their properties, NC from raw date palm leaves was studied by microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and atomic force microscope (AFM). SEM results revealed rod-like structured NC as well as combined long-fine fibrous structures rather than compacted bundles with sizes ranging between 31 and 74 nm. With EDX, all spectra exhibit the peaks of carbon and oxygen as the main elements with 63.8% and 10.44%, respectively, in their compositions, which relate to the typical composition of cellulose. The 3D image of AFM NC with a tapping mode presented a highly uniform distribution of NC with a size of ∼15 nm. The statistical roughness analysis shows that the obtained roughness average is 7.20 nm with the root–mean-square roughness value of 21.56 nm, which corresponded relatively with the micrographs of SEM. The results of this study demonstrate the promise of using date palm waste as raw material to produce NC as green nanocomposite from biodegradable nanomaterials for water purification and sustained drug delivery for biomedical applications. In this regard and because of the insufficient reports about the extraction of NC from palm tree leaves waste, the objective of this study was designed to fabricate NC biologically from fibers sourced from the waste of Iraqi date palm P. dactylifera leaves that left in agricultural lands or burned, which can be an ecological and health problem as a bionanocomposites in the medical and industrial field and as alternative resources of wood materials.

Abstract Image

利用棕榈树 Phoenix dactylifera L.的生物废弃物价值化生产纳米纤维素
减少对石油资源依赖的愿望源于对碳足迹和不可再生性的担忧。相反,由于每年产生大量生物垃圾,全球 1 亿多棵棕榈树的存在带来了巨大挑战。此外,纳米纤维素(NC)作为一种具有成本效益的材料,其随着时间推移而不断增强的适应性正逐渐得到认可。本研究的主要目标是通过低浓度酸碱处理从伊拉克椰枣树叶废料中生物合成 NC。在酸水解处理之前,100 克枣椰树废叶可产生 20 克 NC。生物合成的 NC 化学成分中,α-纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的含量分别为 47.90%、26.78% 和 24.67%。为了研究它们的特性,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散 X 射线光谱(EDX)和原子力显微镜(AFM)等显微技术对生枣椰叶中的 NC 进行了研究。扫描电子显微镜结果显示了棒状结构的 NC 以及长细纤维状的组合结构,而不是尺寸在 31 纳米到 74 纳米之间的压缩束。所有光谱都显示碳和氧是主要元素,分别占其组成的 63.8% 和 10.44%,这与纤维素的典型组成有关。用原子力显微镜(AFM)对NC进行三维成像,发现NC的分布高度均匀,大小为 15 纳米。统计粗糙度分析表明,得到的粗糙度平均值为 7.20 nm,均方根粗糙度值为 21.56 nm,与 SEM 显微图片相对应。该研究结果表明,以枣椰树废料为原料,利用生物可降解纳米材料生产 NC 绿色纳米复合材料,可用于水净化和生物医学领域的持续给药。在这方面,由于有关从棕榈树叶废弃物中提取 NC 的报道不足,本研究旨在从伊拉克椰枣树叶废弃物中提取纤维,以生物方法制造 NC。伊拉克椰枣树叶废弃物残留在农田中或被焚烧,可能会造成生态和健康问题,因此本研究将其作为医疗和工业领域的仿生复合材料,并作为木质材料的替代资源。
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来源期刊
IET nanobiotechnology
IET nanobiotechnology 工程技术-纳米科技
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
4.30%
发文量
34
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: Electrical and electronic engineers have a long and illustrious history of contributing new theories and technologies to the biomedical sciences. This includes the cable theory for understanding the transmission of electrical signals in nerve axons and muscle fibres; dielectric techniques that advanced the understanding of cell membrane structures and membrane ion channels; electron and atomic force microscopy for investigating cells at the molecular level. Other engineering disciplines, along with contributions from the biological, chemical, materials and physical sciences, continue to provide groundbreaking contributions to this subject at the molecular and submolecular level. Our subject now extends from single molecule measurements using scanning probe techniques, through to interactions between cells and microstructures, micro- and nano-fluidics, and aspects of lab-on-chip technologies. The primary aim of IET Nanobiotechnology is to provide a vital resource for academic and industrial researchers operating in this exciting cross-disciplinary activity. We can only achieve this by publishing cutting edge research papers and expert review articles from the international engineering and scientific community. To attract such contributions we will exercise a commitment to our authors by ensuring that their manuscripts receive rapid constructive peer opinions and feedback across interdisciplinary boundaries. IET Nanobiotechnology covers all aspects of research and emerging technologies including, but not limited to: Fundamental theories and concepts applied to biomedical-related devices and methods at the micro- and nano-scale (including methods that employ electrokinetic, electrohydrodynamic, and optical trapping techniques) Micromachining and microfabrication tools and techniques applied to the top-down approach to nanobiotechnology Nanomachining and nanofabrication tools and techniques directed towards biomedical and biotechnological applications (e.g. applications of atomic force microscopy, scanning probe microscopy and related tools) Colloid chemistry applied to nanobiotechnology (e.g. cosmetics, suntan lotions, bio-active nanoparticles) Biosynthesis (also known as green synthesis) of nanoparticles; to be considered for publication, research papers in this area must be directed principally towards biomedical research and especially if they encompass in vivo models or proofs of concept. We welcome papers that are application-orientated or offer new concepts of substantial biomedical importance Techniques for probing cell physiology, cell adhesion sites and cell-cell communication Molecular self-assembly, including concepts of supramolecular chemistry, molecular recognition, and DNA nanotechnology Societal issues such as health and the environment Special issues. Call for papers: Smart Nanobiosensors for Next-generation Biomedical Applications - https://digital-library.theiet.org/files/IET_NBT_CFP_SNNBA.pdf Selected extended papers from the International conference of the 19th Asian BioCeramic Symposium - https://digital-library.theiet.org/files/IET_NBT_CFP_ABS.pdf
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