Evaluation of the carbon reduction benefits of adopting the compression cast technology in concrete components production based on LCA

Abstract

Cement is responsible for the high carbon emissions reputation of the concrete industry. To cope with this issue, compression cast technology (CCT) is introduced as a potential low carbon production method for concrete components, as it could reduce the cement consumption and improve the mechanical performance. To evaluate the carbon reduction benefits of adopting the CCT in concrete components production, the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method is employed and carbon emissions per unit of compressive strength (CECS, kgCO₂eq/MPa) is selected as the main indicator. The results indicate that the CECS of concrete with CCT decreased by 21 %-45 % compared to conventional concrete. Considering the carbon reduction benefits of avoiding waste disposal, the CECS of concrete with CCT decreased by 7 %-43 % compared to green concrete using conventional cast technology with similar strengths. If adding waste rubber in concrete with CCT, its CECS could be decreased by 28 %-93 % compared to conventional concrete. If promoting the CCT in the concrete industry, the annual carbon emissions of the global concrete industry can be reduced by 7 %, 14 %, 20 %, and 27 % with replacement ratios 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, and 100 % from 2015 to 2060. The study indicates that implementing the CCT during concrete components production can significantly reduce carbon emissions of the concrete industry and the study provides guidance for carbon reduction efforts in the concrete industry.