The Levantine Megalithic Building Techniques: A Groundbreaking Method Applied to Menjez’s Monuments (Akkar, Lebanon) from the 4th–3rd Millennium BCE

IF 3.2 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Méryl Defours Rivoira, Florian Cousseau, Tara Steimer-Herbet
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Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present the methodology used to study the megalithic architecture of Menjez’s monuments (Akkar, Lebanon), as part of the MEG-A Project - “First megalith builders in the northern Levant” (2022–2025). Twenty-four monuments have been investigated since 2018. The primary objective is to pioneer a comprehensive understanding of the unique Levantine megalithic building techniques and re-establish the “chaînes opératoires,” by determining the builders’ sequence of actions. This groundbreaking methodology originally developed for Western European megalithic monuments, notably in Brittany, France, has been innovatively applied and customized to suit the Levantine context, specifically focusing on the distinctive basaltic monuments of Menjez and its surrounding areas. By using photogrammetry as a tool, the researchers are able to de-construct the megalithic architecture by analyzing the different components of these monuments. Moreover, it is then possible to describe monoliths according to their place within the monument and their geological and geomorphological features. Our work has led us to consider the symbolic aspect expressed in the megalithic architecture of Menjez. Employing this groundbreaking methodology not only yields concrete answers regarding the typology of these monuments but also dramatically reshapes our perception of their construction. It establishes a precise relative chronology for the various architectural phases and, most significantly, reveals the hidden details of the raw material supply chain.

Abstract Image

黎凡特巨石建筑技术:应用于公元前 4-3 千年门杰兹古迹(黎巴嫩阿卡尔)的开创性方法
本文旨在介绍用于研究门杰兹古迹(黎巴嫩阿卡尔)巨石建筑的方法,这是 MEG-A 项目--"黎凡特北部的第一批巨石建造者"(2022-2025 年)的一部分。自 2018 年以来,已对 24 座古迹进行了调查。其主要目标是率先全面了解黎凡特巨石建筑的独特技术,并通过确定建造者的行动顺序,重新建立 "行动顺序"(chaînes opératoires)。这种开创性的方法最初是针对西欧巨石古迹(尤其是法国布列塔尼地区的巨石古迹)开发的,现已被创新性地应用和定制,以适应黎凡特的环境,特别是侧重于门杰兹及其周边地区独特的玄武岩古迹。研究人员利用摄影测量法作为工具,通过分析这些古迹的不同组成部分,对巨石建筑进行了解构。此外,还可以根据巨石在古迹中的位置及其地质和地貌特征对其进行描述。我们的工作促使我们考虑门赫兹巨石建筑所表达的象征意义。采用这种开创性的方法,不仅可以获得有关这些古迹类型的具体答案,还可以极大地重塑我们对其建造过程的认识。它为各个建筑阶段确定了精确的相对年表,最重要的是,它揭示了原材料供应链中隐藏的细节。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
8.70%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: The Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, the leading journal in its field,  presents original articles that address method- or theory-focused issues of current archaeological interest and represent significant explorations on the cutting edge of the discipline.   The journal also welcomes topical syntheses that critically assess and integrate research on a specific subject in archaeological method or theory, as well as examinations of the history of archaeology.    Written by experts, the articles benefit an international audience of archaeologists, students of archaeology, and practitioners of closely related disciplines.  Specific topics covered in recent issues include:  the use of nitche construction theory in archaeology,  new developments in the use of soil chemistry in archaeological interpretation, and a model for the prehistoric development of clothing.  The Journal''s distinguished Editorial Board includes archaeologists with worldwide archaeological knowledge (the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and Africa), and expertise in a wide range of methodological and theoretical issues.  Rated ''A'' in the European Reference Index for the Humanities (ERIH) Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory is rated ''A'' in the ERIH, a new reference index that aims to help evenly access the scientific quality of Humanities research output. For more information visit: http://www.esf.org/research-areas/humanities/activities/research-infrastructures.html Rated ''A'' in the Australian Research Council Humanities and Creative Arts Journal List.  For more information, visit: http://www.arc.gov.au/era/journal_list_dev.htm
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