The Impact of Biochar and Compost as Soil Amendments, Combined with Poultry Manure, on the Growth, Yield, and Chemical Composition of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI:10.12911/22998993/186723

L. Alomari, T. Al-Issa, Mu’ad Abdul-Latif Kiyyam, A. Tawaha

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Farmers must prioritize soil enhancement methods to preserve soil health and sustainability as the world population grows, whereas arable lands deplete and degrade owing to poor land management and agricultural policy. Biochar and compost are essential for replacing nutrients and organic matter, improving soil quality. In 2019, an experiment was carried out at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Various soil amendments, including biochar and compost, both with and without the combination of poultry manure, were employed. The experimental design followed a completely randomized layout, with seven distinct treatments: T1 – soil (control), T2 – biochar (3%) (BC), T3 – compost (3%) (Comp), T4 – poultry manure (3%) (PM 3% (38.2 ton/ha)), T5 – Biochar (3%) + poultry manure (60 ton/ha) (BC + PM 60 ton/ha), T6 – compost (3%) + poultry manure (60 ton/ha) (Comp + PM 60 ton/ha), and T7 – poultry manure (60 ton/ha) (PM 60 ton/ha). The assessment encompassed the examination of various physicochemical characteristics of the soil, including bulk density, porosity, water holding capacity, pH, and EC. Morphological and physiological measurements comprised height and length of plant shoots and roots, number of leaves, fresh and dry weight of shoots and roots, leaf relative water content, and chlorophyll content. Additionally, the chemical composition, encompassing crude fibers, crude fats, antioxidant activities, total phe - nols, flavonoid content, and minerals were evaluated. Physicochemical results revealed that (BC + PM 60 ton/ha) excelled in water holding capacity and porosity, whereas PM 60 ton/ha exhibited the optimal soil pH. In terms of morphological results, (Comp + PM 60 ton/ha) and (PM 3% (38.2 ton/ha)) demonstrated superiority in plant height, shoot fresh and dry weight. The application of (BC) outperformed in root fresh and dry weight and leaf relative water content, while (Comp) exhibited the highest root length. Poultry manure applications scored higher values in chlorophyll content, with (BC+PM 60 ton/ha) recording the highest among them. Chemical analysis revealed that crude fibers were highest with the application of (PM 3% (38.2 ton/ha)), while (control) recorded the highest antioxidant activities, total phenols, and total flavonoids. In terms of mineral content in shoots, (Comp + PM 60 ton/ha) demonstrated the highest nitrogen content. Phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium were most abundant in (BC + PM 60 ton/ha). Moreover, PM (60 ton/ha) exhibited the highest sodium content. Notably, the (BC + PM 60 ton/ha) application excelled in physiochemical soil properties, excluding soil pH and EC, while also demonstrating superior mineral content in lettuce plants, except for sodium.

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生物炭和堆肥作为土壤改良剂与家禽粪便相结合对生菜（Lactuca sativa）的生长、产量和化学成分的影响

随着世界人口的增长，农民必须优先考虑土壤改良方法，以保持土壤的健康和可持续性，而由于土地管理不善和农业政策的原因，可耕地正在减少和退化。生物炭和堆肥对于补充养分和有机质、改善土壤质量至关重要。2019 年，约旦科技大学开展了一项实验。实验采用了各种土壤改良剂，包括生物炭和堆肥，既有结合家禽粪便的，也有不结合家禽粪便的。实验设计采用完全随机布局，共有七个不同的处理：T1 - 土壤（对照），T2 - 生物炭（3%）（BC），T3 - 堆肥（3%）（Comp），T4 - 家禽粪便（3%）（PM 3%（38.2 吨/公顷））、T5 - 生物炭（3%）+ 家禽粪便（60 吨/公顷）（BC + PM 60 吨/公顷）、T6 - 堆肥（3%）+ 家禽粪便（60 吨/公顷）（Comp + PM 60 吨/公顷）和 T7 - 家禽粪便（60 吨/公顷）（PM 60 吨/公顷）。评估包括对土壤各种理化特性的检测，包括容重、孔隙度、持水量、pH 值和导电率。形态和生理测量包括植物芽和根的高度和长度、叶片数量、芽和根的鲜重和干重、叶片相对含水量和叶绿素含量。此外，还评估了化学成分，包括粗纤维、粗脂肪、抗氧化活性、总酚、类黄酮含量和矿物质。理化结果表明，（BC + PM 60 吨/公顷）在持水量和孔隙度方面表现优异，而 PM 60 吨/公顷表现出最佳的土壤 pH 值。在形态结果方面，（BC + PM 60 吨/公顷）和（PM 3%（38.2 吨/公顷））在株高、嫩枝鲜重和干重方面均表现出优势。施用（BC）在根鲜重、干重和叶片相对含水量方面表现优异，而（Comp）则表现出最高的根长。施用家禽粪便的叶绿素含量较高，其中（BC+PM 60 吨/公顷）最高。化学分析显示，施用（PM 3%（38.2 吨/公顷））的粗纤维含量最高，而（对照）的抗氧化活性、总酚和总黄酮含量最高。在芽中的矿物质含量方面，（Comp + PM 60 吨/公顷）的氮含量最高。BC + PM 60 吨/公顷）的磷、钾、镁和钙含量最高。此外，PM（60 吨/公顷）的钠含量最高。值得注意的是，除土壤 pH 值和导电率外，（BC + PM 60 吨/公顷）施肥在土壤理化性质方面表现优异，同时，除钠外，莴苣植株的矿物质含量也很高。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.