{"title":"Appraisal of Potential Metal Risk in Calcareous Agricultural Soils: an Insight into Human and Environmental Health Employing Multimodal Tactics","authors":"Gourav Mondal, Saibal Ghosh, Sonali Banerjee, Pradip Bhattacharyya","doi":"10.1007/s11270-024-07196-0","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Faulty irrigation practices and industrial activities lead to the pollution of metals in agricultural soil, resulting in adverse effects on human health. The present study was conducted for the assessment of source identification, probabilistic health hazard assessments, and analysis of dietary risks associated with metals pollution in the calcareous soil of India. The mean content of total and bioavailable forms of metals (Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu) surpassed the permissible limits in sample areas Baruraj (zone 1) and Kanti (zone 2), with zone 1 showing higher level of pollution compared to zone 2. The free ion activity model (FIAM) was employed to detect metals in polluted soil and assess their potential transfer to rice grains. Hazard quotient values were notably higher than the safe threshold (FIAM-HQ < 0.5) for Cr (2.87E-01), Ni (1.08E-01), and Pb (1.88E-01), except for Cd (1.49E-02) and Cu (1.27E-03), which remained within safe limits. Severity adjustment margin of exposure (SAMOE)-Risk thermometer indicates high and moderate human health risk for Cr (Cr<sub>SAMOE</sub> = 0.006) and Ni (Ni<sub>SAMOE</sub> = 0.03), respectively. Self-organizing map (SOM) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) identify pollution sources in the calcareous region. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) unveiled that children were more vulnerable to total carcinogenic risk (TCR) compared to adults through the ingestion pathway. A geostatistical approach was employed to predict the spatial distribution patterns of various metals across the area. This comprehensive evaluation, utilizing appropriate and reasonable methods, serves as a valuable resource for environmental scientists and policymakers aiming to manage and mitigate metal pollution in agricultural soils near residential areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","FirstCategoryId":"6","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-024-07196-0","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Faulty irrigation practices and industrial activities lead to the pollution of metals in agricultural soil, resulting in adverse effects on human health. The present study was conducted for the assessment of source identification, probabilistic health hazard assessments, and analysis of dietary risks associated with metals pollution in the calcareous soil of India. The mean content of total and bioavailable forms of metals (Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Cu) surpassed the permissible limits in sample areas Baruraj (zone 1) and Kanti (zone 2), with zone 1 showing higher level of pollution compared to zone 2. The free ion activity model (FIAM) was employed to detect metals in polluted soil and assess their potential transfer to rice grains. Hazard quotient values were notably higher than the safe threshold (FIAM-HQ < 0.5) for Cr (2.87E-01), Ni (1.08E-01), and Pb (1.88E-01), except for Cd (1.49E-02) and Cu (1.27E-03), which remained within safe limits. Severity adjustment margin of exposure (SAMOE)-Risk thermometer indicates high and moderate human health risk for Cr (CrSAMOE = 0.006) and Ni (NiSAMOE = 0.03), respectively. Self-organizing map (SOM) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) identify pollution sources in the calcareous region. Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) unveiled that children were more vulnerable to total carcinogenic risk (TCR) compared to adults through the ingestion pathway. A geostatistical approach was employed to predict the spatial distribution patterns of various metals across the area. This comprehensive evaluation, utilizing appropriate and reasonable methods, serves as a valuable resource for environmental scientists and policymakers aiming to manage and mitigate metal pollution in agricultural soils near residential areas.
期刊介绍:
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments.
Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation.
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.