Effects of acid deposition control in China: a review based on responses of subtropical forests

IF 6.1 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Danni Xie, Xiaodong Ge, Lei Duan, Jan Mulder
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Abstract

For many decades, acid deposition used to pose a significant regional air pollution challenge in China. After substantial emission control of anthropogenically derived sulfur and nitrogen containing gasses, both sulfur and nitrogen deposition, as well as the acid rain-affected area, have significantly decreased compared to their peak levels. Forests, particularly in the humid subtropics, are sensitive to acid deposition, as evidenced by soil acidification, sulfate and nitrate leaching in stream water, and elevated soil nitrous oxide emission. Reduction in the total deposition of sulfur and nitrogen, caused a significant decline in sulfate and nitrate leaching from subtropical forest and subsequently in sulfate and nitrate concentrations in stream water, although there was about a 5-year delay. This delay may be attributed to the desorption of accumulated sulfate and continued elevated mineralization of accumulated nitrogen pools. Emissions of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, also declined in nitrogen-saturated subtropical forest soils, as soil water nitrate concentration decreased. Therefore, subtropical forests in China suffering from elevated acid deposition have begun to recover. Yet, the current levels of sulfur and nitrogen deposition continue to exceed the critical loads, i.e., the assigned threshold levels in accordance with emission control policies, in more than 10% of the country’s land area, respectively, indicating remaining risks of acidification and eutrophication. Thus, further emission reductions are urgently needed, also because they will help achieving goals related to air quality and nitrous oxide emissions.

Abstract Image

中国酸沉降控制的影响:基于亚热带森林反应的综述
几十年来,酸沉降一直是中国面临的重大区域性空气污染挑战。在大量控制人为产生的含硫和含氮气体排放后,硫沉降和氮沉降以及受酸雨影响的面积与高峰时相比都显著减少。森林,尤其是亚热带湿润地区的森林,对酸性沉积物非常敏感,土壤酸化、溪水中的硫酸盐和硝酸盐沥滤以及土壤中氧化亚氮排放量的增加都证明了这一点。硫氮沉积总量的减少导致亚热带森林的硫酸盐和硝酸盐沥滤显著下降,溪水中的硫酸盐和硝酸盐浓度也随之下降,但这一过程延迟了约 5 年。这种延迟可能归因于累积硫酸盐的解吸和累积氮库持续升高的矿化度。随着土壤水硝酸盐浓度的降低,氮饱和亚热带森林土壤中的一氧化二氮(一种强效温室气体)排放量也有所下降。因此,中国受酸性沉积升高影响的亚热带森林已开始恢复。然而,目前中国仍有超过 10%的国土面积的硫沉降和氮沉降分别超过了临界负荷,即排放控制政策所规定的阈值水平,这表明仍存在酸化和富营养化的风险。因此,迫切需要进一步减少排放,因为这将有助于实现与空气质量和氧化亚氮排放有关的目标。
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来源期刊
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL-ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
CiteScore
10.90
自引率
12.50%
发文量
988
审稿时长
6.1 months
期刊介绍: Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering (FESE) is an international journal for researchers interested in a wide range of environmental disciplines. The journal''s aim is to advance and disseminate knowledge in all main branches of environmental science & engineering. The journal emphasizes papers in developing fields, as well as papers showing the interaction between environmental disciplines and other disciplines. FESE is a bi-monthly journal. Its peer-reviewed contents consist of a broad blend of reviews, research papers, policy analyses, short communications, and opinions. Nonscheduled “special issue” and "hot topic", including a review article followed by a couple of related research articles, are organized to publish novel contributions and breaking results on all aspects of environmental field.
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