{"title":"Hydro-mechanical performance of lime-treated heavy clay incorporating Athel leaves powder","authors":"Asma Muhmed, Musab Alhawat, Mostafa Mohamed","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-11996-3","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dried Athel leaves (DAL) are abundant agricultural waste that may have a detrimental effect on the environment due to improper disposal. The current paper is aimed at investigating the incorporation of DAL into lime treatment of heavy clays, presenting a novel sustainable waste management strategy. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this topic has not been investigated in the literature. The experimental programme is designed to thoroughly assess its effects on the hydro-mechanical properties of lime-treated clay in particular strength gain, swelling pressure and permeability. Tests were conducted on the specimens treated with different ratios of lime and DAL and cured under two different temperatures (i.e. 20 and 40 °C) for various periods. Moreover, microstructural analysis was undertaken to support the results. The results indicated that adding 2% DAL to lime-treated clay specimens cured at 20 °C for 3 months remarkably increased unconfined compressive strength by about 68% compared with those attained on lime-treated clay. Stress-strain relationships suggested that the specimens modified by DAL exhibited an enhanced ductile behaviour. Moreover, the incorporation of 2% DAL further reduced clay swelling pressure by 25% compared with those treated by lime only, resulting in a total swelling pressure reduction of 93.6% compared with that recorded on untreated specimens. Permeability enhancement in the specimens treated with lime and DAL was also observed and supported by the morphological analysis. The comprehensive experimental results confirmed the suitability of using DAL as an efficient enhancer to lime-treated clay. The research outcomes can provide valuable insights into the feasibility of DAL as an eco-friendly additive for improving geotechnical engineering practises.</p>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8270,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-024-11996-3","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Dried Athel leaves (DAL) are abundant agricultural waste that may have a detrimental effect on the environment due to improper disposal. The current paper is aimed at investigating the incorporation of DAL into lime treatment of heavy clays, presenting a novel sustainable waste management strategy. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this topic has not been investigated in the literature. The experimental programme is designed to thoroughly assess its effects on the hydro-mechanical properties of lime-treated clay in particular strength gain, swelling pressure and permeability. Tests were conducted on the specimens treated with different ratios of lime and DAL and cured under two different temperatures (i.e. 20 and 40 °C) for various periods. Moreover, microstructural analysis was undertaken to support the results. The results indicated that adding 2% DAL to lime-treated clay specimens cured at 20 °C for 3 months remarkably increased unconfined compressive strength by about 68% compared with those attained on lime-treated clay. Stress-strain relationships suggested that the specimens modified by DAL exhibited an enhanced ductile behaviour. Moreover, the incorporation of 2% DAL further reduced clay swelling pressure by 25% compared with those treated by lime only, resulting in a total swelling pressure reduction of 93.6% compared with that recorded on untreated specimens. Permeability enhancement in the specimens treated with lime and DAL was also observed and supported by the morphological analysis. The comprehensive experimental results confirmed the suitability of using DAL as an efficient enhancer to lime-treated clay. The research outcomes can provide valuable insights into the feasibility of DAL as an eco-friendly additive for improving geotechnical engineering practises.
干阿特尔叶(DAL)是一种丰富的农业废弃物,由于处置不当,可能会对环境造成不利影响。本文旨在研究将 DAL 加入重粘土的石灰处理中,从而提出一种新型的可持续废物管理策略。据作者所知,文献中尚未对这一主题进行过研究。实验计划旨在全面评估 DAL 对石灰处理过的粘土的水力学特性的影响,特别是强度增加、膨胀压力和渗透性。试验对使用不同比例的石灰和 DAL 处理过的试样进行了测试,并在两种不同的温度下(即 20 °C 和 40 °C)进行了不同时间的固化。此外,还进行了微观结构分析以支持测试结果。结果表明,与石灰处理过的粘土相比,在 20 °C 下固化 3 个月的石灰处理过的粘土试样中添加 2% 的 DAL 可显著提高无侧限抗压强度约 68%。应力-应变关系表明,经 DAL 改性的试样具有更强的韧性。此外,与只用石灰处理的试样相比,加入 2% DAL 的试样进一步降低了 25% 的粘土膨胀压力,与未处理的试样相比,总膨胀压力降低了 93.6%。此外,还观察到石灰和 DAL 处理过的试样的渗透性增强,形态分析也证实了这一点。综合实验结果证实,使用 DAL 作为石灰处理粘土的有效增强剂是合适的。这些研究成果可以为 DAL 作为生态友好型添加剂改善岩土工程实践的可行性提供有价值的见解。
期刊介绍:
The Arabian Journal of Geosciences is the official journal of the Saudi Society for Geosciences and publishes peer-reviewed original and review articles on the entire range of Earth Science themes, focused on, but not limited to, those that have regional significance to the Middle East and the Euro-Mediterranean Zone.
Key topics therefore include; geology, hydrogeology, earth system science, petroleum sciences, geophysics, seismology and crustal structures, tectonics, sedimentology, palaeontology, metamorphic and igneous petrology, natural hazards, environmental sciences and sustainable development, geoarchaeology, geomorphology, paleo-environment studies, oceanography, atmospheric sciences, GIS and remote sensing, geodesy, mineralogy, volcanology, geochemistry and metallogenesis.