Efficacy of Oral Magnesium on Bone Regeneration and Implant Stability in Immediate Dental Implants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the impact of magnesium on osseointegration by examining various aspects of implant stability, correlating them with serum bone markers, and establishing a foundation for future research on its potential as a potent analgesic.

Materials and methods: A total of 54 patients were recruited. Immediate implant placement was performed after the extraction of the indicated mandibular molar teeth, and the patients were divided into two groups of 27 patients each: (1) placebo-lactose (control group) and (2) magnesium citrate (intervention group). Bone growth in the peri-implant area was assessed radiographically immediately after the operation, at 6 weeks, and at 12 weeks. Implant stability was measured immediately after the operation, at 4 weeks, and at 12 weeks. Serum parameters were procured preoperatively and postoperatively for serum calcium, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum parathyroid hormone at 8 weeks, and serum vitamin D3 levels were also recorded preoperatively.

Results: A total of 54 immediate implants were placed, and the demographics and baseline serum, clinical, and radiographic parameters were comparable in both groups. Analysis of implant stability quotient (ISQ) at 12 weeks showed a statistically significant difference in the intervention group based on both intergroup and intragroup analysis. Radiodensity measurements showed a statistically significant difference on both intragroup and intergroup analysis in the intervention group at weeks 6 and 12. The bone gap analysis revealed that the difference in mean change in the horizontal bone gap (HBG) at 6 weeks was not significant, whereas the difference in the HBG at 12 weeks was significant in the intervention group. Regarding the intragroup analysis, mean change in the HBG at 6 weeks and 12 weeks were both significant only in the intervention group. Intergroup analysis of the vertical bone gap (VBG) at 12 weeks and the mean difference in the VBG from week 12 to day 0 (VBG 12-0) showed a statistically significant difference in the intervention group. In the intragroup analysis, VBG 12 was significantly better in the intervention group. During the serum analysis, ALP postoperatively was found to be significantly raised (P = .013) in the intervention group. Numerical rating scale (NRS) analysis showed a significant decrease postoperatively and at days 5 (P = .017) and 7 (P = .002).

Conclusions: The oral magnesium citrate supplementation after immediate implant placement helped to enhance the stability of immediate implants and improve the radiodensity around them, which was found to be statistically significant. It also helped to reduce the HBG and VBG around the implant and has significant analgesic potential.