Macroalgal eukaryotic microbiome composition indicates novel phylogenetic diversity and broad host spectrum of oomycete pathogens

IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Natalia Timanikova, Kyle Fletcher, Jon-Wong Han, Pieter van West, Steve Woodward, Gwang-Hoon Kim, Frithjof C. Küpper, Marius Wenzel
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Abstract

Seaweeds are important components of marine ecosystems with emerging potential in aquaculture and as sources of biofuel, food products and pharmacological compounds. However, an increasingly recognised threat to natural and industrial seaweed populations is infection with parasitic single-celled eukaryotes from the relatively understudied oomycete lineage. Here we examine the eukaryomes of diverse brown, red and green marine macroalgae collected from polar (Baffin Island), cold-temperate (Falkland Islands) and tropical (Ascension Island) locations, with a focus on oomycete and closely related diatom taxa. Using 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we show unexpected genetic and taxonomic diversity of the eukaryomes, a strong broad-brush association between eukaryome composition and geographic location, and some evidence of association between eukaryome structure and macroalgal phylogenetic relationships (phylosymbiosis). However, the oomycete fraction of the eukaryome showed disparate patterns of diversity and structure, highlighting much weaker association with geography and no evidence of phylosymbiosis. We present several novel haplotypes of the most common oomycete Eurychasma dicksonii and report for the first time a cosmopolitan distribution and absence of host specificity of this important pathogen. This indicates rich diversity in macroalgal oomycete pathogens and highlights that these pathogens may be generalist and highly adaptable to diverse environmental conditions.

Abstract Image

Abstract Image

大型藻类真核微生物组的组成显示了新的系统发育多样性和卵菌病原体的广泛宿主谱。
海藻是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分,在水产养殖以及作为生物燃料、食品和药用化合物来源方面具有新的潜力。然而,对自然和工业海藻种群的一个日益公认的威胁是感染寄生单细胞真核生物,这些寄生单细胞真核生物来自研究相对较少的卵菌系。在这里,我们研究了从极地(巴芬岛)、寒温带(福克兰群岛)和热带(阿森松岛)收集的各种棕色、红色和绿色海洋大型藻类的真核细胞,重点是卵菌纲和密切相关的硅藻类群。通过 18S rRNA 基因扩增子测序,我们发现真核生物群具有意想不到的遗传和分类多样性,真核生物群的组成与地理位置之间存在密切的联系,并且有证据表明真核生物群结构与大型藻类系统发育关系(系统共生)之间存在联系。然而,真核生物群中的卵菌部分显示出不同的多样性和结构模式,与地理位置的关联性要弱得多,也没有共生关系的证据。我们介绍了最常见的卵菌Eurychasma dicksonii的几种新的单倍型,并首次报告了这种重要病原体的世界性分布和无宿主特异性。这表明大型藻类卵菌病原体具有丰富的多样性,并突出表明这些病原体可能是通性病原体,对各种环境条件具有很强的适应性。
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来源期刊
Environmental microbiology
Environmental microbiology 环境科学-微生物学
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
3.90%
发文量
427
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Microbiology provides a high profile vehicle for publication of the most innovative, original and rigorous research in the field. The scope of the Journal encompasses the diversity of current research on microbial processes in the environment, microbial communities, interactions and evolution and includes, but is not limited to, the following: the structure, activities and communal behaviour of microbial communities microbial community genetics and evolutionary processes microbial symbioses, microbial interactions and interactions with plants, animals and abiotic factors microbes in the tree of life, microbial diversification and evolution population biology and clonal structure microbial metabolic and structural diversity microbial physiology, growth and survival microbes and surfaces, adhesion and biofouling responses to environmental signals and stress factors modelling and theory development pollution microbiology extremophiles and life in extreme and unusual little-explored habitats element cycles and biogeochemical processes, primary and secondary production microbes in a changing world, microbially-influenced global changes evolution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial viruses new technological developments in microbial ecology and evolution, in particular for the study of activities of microbial communities, non-culturable microorganisms and emerging pathogens
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