6-benzylaminopurine induces somatic embryogenesis in the staminodia of new genotypes of Theobroma cacao L. from the Papaloapan Basin of Mexico and differs from that of T. bicolor Bonpl.

IF 2.3 3区 生物学 Q3 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
Nancy Carmín Martínez-Hernández, Carlos Antonio Dávila-Figueroa, José Antonio Morales-Serna, Karla Viridiana Castro-Cerritos, Nelda Xanath Martínez-Galero, Héctor López-Arjona, Enrique Villalobos-Amador
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Abstract

Theobroma cacao and T. bicolor are among the most important agricultural crops of the Mexican tropics. Currently, in Mexico, the propagation of these crops is performed via seeds, which indicates that demand exceeds production. In this context, somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an alternative to this approach. Thus, we evaluated the presence of embryogenic genotypes of T. cacao and T. bicolor in the Papaloapan Basin of Mexico with the idea of implementing this technology in the region. The analysis of the phenotypic expression of the floral whorls demonstrated that, unlike T. bicolor, the combination of 6-benzylaminopurine and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induces different morphogenetic responses in the genotypes that were evaluated in the primary callus phase of T. cacao. Staminodia presented with the highest percentage of caulogenesis in T. cacao, whereas T. bicolor presented with the highest frequency of caulogenesis in Staminodia and carpels. Some calli differentiated in the roots to a greater extent than those derived from the staminodes of T. cacao. The calli of T. bicolor did not differentiate. A parallel study using thidiazuron as an inducer demonstrated similar results for calli of both species; however, rhizogenesis from staminodes was 50% lower for the evaluated genotypes of T. cacao. Staminodes were the only structures that demonstrated primary somatic embryogenesis (PSE) in 66% of the T. cacao genotypes that were evaluated by using benzylaminopurine. Finally, secondary somatic embryogenesis (SSE) was evaluated in cotyledons and reached a 60% success rate, of which 95.48% were normal somatic embryos. Both types of embryogenesis were morphologically characterized using optical and/or scanning electron microscopy.

Abstract Image

6-苄基氨基嘌呤诱导墨西哥 Papaloapan 盆地可可豆新基因型退化雄蕊的体细胞胚胎发生,且与 T. bicolor Bonpl.
可可豆和双色可可豆是墨西哥热带地区最重要的农作物之一。目前,在墨西哥,这些作物的繁殖都是通过种子进行的,这表明种子供不应求。在这种情况下,体细胞胚胎发生(SE)是一种替代方法。因此,我们评估了墨西哥 Papaloapan 盆地可可和双色可可胚胎发生基因型的存在情况,以期在该地区实施这项技术。对花轮表型表达的分析表明,与 T. bicolor 不同的是,6-苄基氨基嘌呤和 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸的组合会诱导 T. cacao 初级胼胝体阶段的基因型产生不同的形态发生反应。在可可中,退化雄蕊的茎发生率最高,而在双色中,退化雄蕊和心皮的茎发生频率最高。有些胼胝体在根部的分化程度高于从可可的退化雄蕊中分化出来的胼胝体。而 T. bicolor 的胼胝体没有分化。一项使用噻虫脲作为诱导剂的平行研究显示,两种植物的胼胝体都有类似的结果;但是,在所评估的 T. cacao 基因型中,由退化雄蕊产生的根瘤要少 50%。在使用苄氨基嘌呤进行评估的可可豆基因型中,有 66% 的可可豆基因型的退化节是唯一表现出初级体细胞胚胎发生(PSE)的结构。最后,在子叶中对次级体细胞胚胎发生(SSE)进行了评估,成功率达到 60%,其中 95.48% 为正常体细胞胚胎。使用光学显微镜和/或扫描电子显微镜对两种胚胎发生类型进行了形态学鉴定。
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来源期刊
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture
Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 生物-生物工程与应用微生物
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
13.30%
发文量
203
审稿时长
3.3 months
期刊介绍: This journal highlights the myriad breakthrough technologies and discoveries in plant biology and biotechnology. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC: Journal of Plant Biotechnology) details high-throughput analysis of gene function and expression, gene silencing and overexpression analyses, RNAi, siRNA, and miRNA studies, and much more. It examines the transcriptional and/or translational events involved in gene regulation as well as those molecular controls involved in morphogenesis of plant cells and tissues. The journal also covers practical and applied plant biotechnology, including regeneration, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, gene transfer, gene flow, secondary metabolites, metabolic engineering, and impact of transgene(s) dissemination into managed and unmanaged plant systems.
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