{"title":"PM2.5 exposure estimates for college students and health risk assessment","authors":"David Daneesh Massey, Mahima Habil","doi":"10.1007/s11869-024-01590-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As students spend the bulk of their time indoors, the study’s goals were to estimate the daily personal exposures of students to PM<sub>2.5,</sub> estimate contributions to personal exposure from different micro-environments, and allocate the contributions of PM<sub>2.5</sub> sources to the outdoor and indoor environment. Between July and October 2019, college students aged 16 to 20 were personally monitored for PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations. PM<sub>2.5</sub> personal concentrations for college students ranged from 215.6 to 121.4 µgm<sup>-3</sup>, with an average of 137.5 ± 41.9 µgm<sup>-3</sup>. Personal environmental monitors (PEM) were used to test PM<sub>2.5</sub> and its metal compositions of Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cd, Mn, Ba, Cu, and Hg. Using the positive matrix factorization along with geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor analysis, other sources responsible for the production of particle pollution have also been identified. According to the findings of the factor analysis, anthropogenic activities, traffic emissions, tobacco or cigarette smoke, and metal processing, all play a significant role in the production of metal-bound PM<sub>2.5</sub> particle pollution emissions. Based on the non-cancer risk findings for metals, ingestion of metals via inhalation was not a potentially high chronic risk. But the carcinogenic risks of metals like Cd, Ni, and Cr represent a health risk. Future studies should focus more on investigating the specific epidemiological effects of exposure to heavy metals in fine particles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":49109,"journal":{"name":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","volume":"17 11","pages":"2529 - 2538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Air Quality Atmosphere and Health","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11869-024-01590-7","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
As students spend the bulk of their time indoors, the study’s goals were to estimate the daily personal exposures of students to PM2.5, estimate contributions to personal exposure from different micro-environments, and allocate the contributions of PM2.5 sources to the outdoor and indoor environment. Between July and October 2019, college students aged 16 to 20 were personally monitored for PM2.5 concentrations. PM2.5 personal concentrations for college students ranged from 215.6 to 121.4 µgm-3, with an average of 137.5 ± 41.9 µgm-3. Personal environmental monitors (PEM) were used to test PM2.5 and its metal compositions of Zn, Pb, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cd, Mn, Ba, Cu, and Hg. Using the positive matrix factorization along with geo-accumulation index and enrichment factor analysis, other sources responsible for the production of particle pollution have also been identified. According to the findings of the factor analysis, anthropogenic activities, traffic emissions, tobacco or cigarette smoke, and metal processing, all play a significant role in the production of metal-bound PM2.5 particle pollution emissions. Based on the non-cancer risk findings for metals, ingestion of metals via inhalation was not a potentially high chronic risk. But the carcinogenic risks of metals like Cd, Ni, and Cr represent a health risk. Future studies should focus more on investigating the specific epidemiological effects of exposure to heavy metals in fine particles.
期刊介绍：
Air Quality, Atmosphere, and Health is a multidisciplinary journal which, by its very name, illustrates the broad range of work it publishes and which focuses on atmospheric consequences of human activities and their implications for human and ecological health.
It offers research papers, critical literature reviews and commentaries, as well as special issues devoted to topical subjects or themes.
International in scope, the journal presents papers that inform and stimulate a global readership, as the topic addressed are global in their import. Consequently, we do not encourage submission of papers involving local data that relate to local problems. Unless they demonstrate wide applicability, these are better submitted to national or regional journals.
Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health addresses such topics as acid precipitation; airborne particulate matter; air quality monitoring and management; exposure assessment; risk assessment; indoor air quality; atmospheric chemistry; atmospheric modeling and prediction; air pollution climatology; climate change and air quality; air pollution measurement; atmospheric impact assessment; forest-fire emissions; atmospheric science; greenhouse gases; health and ecological effects; clean air technology; regional and global change and satellite measurements.
This journal benefits a diverse audience of researchers, public health officials and policy makers addressing problems that call for solutions based in evidence from atmospheric and exposure assessment scientists, epidemiologists, and risk assessors. Publication in the journal affords the opportunity to reach beyond defined disciplinary niches to this broader readership.
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