Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) Mouth Gape and Size Preference of a Bivalve Prey

IF 0.7 4区 农林科学 Q4 FISHERIES
Patrick T. Kroboth, Benjamin H. Stahlschmidt, Duane C. Chapman
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson, 1846) have been widely used as biological control of snails in aquaculture and were imported to the United States in the 1970s and 1980s for this purpose. Prior research emphasizes the species’ propensity to control gastropods, but since subsequent escape and establishment of black carp in portions of the Mississippi River Basin, concerns now focus on the numerous endangered and endemic bivalve species upon which black carp may predate. Black carp mouth gape may limit predation on larger bivalves, but bite force is also a factor. We used regression of fish length to mouth gape of wild-caught black carp and compared these results to tank forage size preference trials with bivalve prey Corbicula fluminea clams. Wild-caught black carp ranged from 429 to 1580 mm total length, a size range larger than measured in previous studies. Regression of fish length and mouth gape indicated greater variability among sizes, as expected from wild versus cultured populations. Clam consumption was size-dependent. Black carp commonly engulfed but did not consume the largest clams in tank feeding trials. Shell width was a better predictor of successful consumption than length or height. Predation was restricted at sizes less than the mouth gape of test black carp as observed by individuals engulfing but failing to consume prey. This result indicates that either bite force or the pharyngeal apparatus gape (i.e., the distance between the pharyngeal teeth and keratinous pad) limited successful crushing of engulfed shells. Bivalve predation by black carp is limited by both a fish’s ability to engulf prey and the ability to fracture the shell of larger prey items that cannot be broken or swallowed whole. The results of this research may be used to assess potential prey sizes of wild black carp and anticipated effects of predation on bivalve communities.

黑鲤鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceus)(理查森,1846 年)对双壳类猎物的口腔张力和大小偏好
黑鲩(Mylopharyngodon piceus,Richardson,1846 年)在水产养殖中被广泛用作螺类的生物防治,并在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代被进口到美国。之前的研究强调了该物种控制腹足类动物的倾向,但自从黑鲤在密西西比河流域的部分地区逃逸和定居后,人们开始关注黑鲤可能捕食的众多濒危和特有双壳类物种。黑鲤的口腔张力可能会限制对大型双壳类动物的捕食,但咬合力也是一个因素。我们对野生黑鲤的鱼体长度和口裂进行了回归分析,并将这些结果与用双壳贝类猎物Corbicula fluminea 蛤蜊进行的水箱饲料大小偏好试验进行了比较。野外捕获的黑鲤鱼总长度从 429 毫米到 1580 毫米不等,这一尺寸范围大于以往研究的测量值。鱼体长度和口腔张开度的回归结果表明,不同体型之间的差异更大,这也是野生与养殖种群之间的差异。蛤蜊的消耗量与体型有关。在水箱喂养试验中,黑鲤鱼通常会吞食最大的蛤蜊,但不会吃掉。贝壳宽度比长度或高度更能预测蛤蜊是否被成功吃掉。捕食受限于小于试验黑鲤口腔张开度的大小,这表现在黑鲤吞食但未能吃掉猎物。这一结果表明,无论是咬合力还是咽器张口(即咽齿与角质垫之间的距离)都限制了对被吞食贝壳的成功粉碎。黑鲤捕食双壳类动物既受到鱼类吞噬猎物能力的限制,也受到鱼类破碎较大猎物外壳的能力的限制,因为较大猎物的外壳无法破碎或整个吞下。这项研究的结果可用于评估野生黑鲤的潜在猎物大小以及捕食对双壳贝类群落的预期影响。
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来源期刊
Journal of Applied Ichthyology
Journal of Applied Ichthyology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
2.30
自引率
11.10%
发文量
73
审稿时长
3-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Applied Ichthyology publishes articles of international repute on ichthyology, aquaculture, and marine fisheries; ichthyopathology and ichthyoimmunology; environmental toxicology using fishes as test organisms; basic research on fishery management; and aspects of integrated coastal zone management in relation to fisheries and aquaculture. Emphasis is placed on the application of scientific research findings, while special consideration is given to ichthyological problems occurring in developing countries. Article formats include original articles, review articles, short communications and technical reports.
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