Existence of a Nonzero Worst-Case ACH for Short-Term Exposure in Ventilated Indoor Spaces

IF 4.3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY
Indoor air Pub Date : 2024-03-26 DOI:10.1155/2024/6642205
K. A. Krishnaprasad, N. Zgheib, K. Choudhary, M. Y. Ha, C. Y. Choi, K. S. Bang, S. Jang, S. Balachandar
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Abstract

A well-ventilated room is essential to reduce the risk of airborne transmission. As such, the scientific community sets minimum limits on ventilation with the idea that increased ventilation reduces pathogen concentration and thus reduces the risk of transmission. In contrast, the upper limit on ventilation is usually determined by human comfort and the need to reduce energy consumption. While average pathogen concentration decreases with increased ventilation, local concentration depends on multiple factors and may not follow the same trend, especially within short exposure times over large separation distances. Here, we show through experiments and high-fidelity simulations the existence of a worst-case ventilation where local pathogen concentration increases near the receiving host. This occurs during the type of meetings that were recommended during the pandemic (and in some cases solely authorized) with reduced occupancy adhering to social distancing and short exposure times below 20 minutes. We maintain that for cases of high occupancy and long exposure time, increased ventilation remains necessary.

通风室内空间短期暴露的最坏情况 ACH 非零值的存在
通风良好的房间对于降低空气传播的风险至关重要。因此,科学界设定了通风的最低限度,认为增加通风可降低病原体浓度,从而减少传播风险。相反,通风的上限通常是由人体舒适度和降低能耗的需要决定的。虽然病原体的平均浓度会随着通风量的增加而降低,但局部浓度取决于多种因素,而且可能不会遵循相同的趋势,特别是在大间隔距离的短时间接触中。在这里,我们通过实验和高保真模拟展示了最坏情况下的通风,即接收主机附近的局部病原体浓度会增加。这种情况发生在大流行期间建议的会议类型(在某些情况下是唯一授权的)中,这些会议遵守社交距离而降低了占用率,并且暴露时间短,低于 20 分钟。我们坚持认为,在人员密集和接触时间较长的情况下,仍有必要加强通风。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Indoor air
Indoor air 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
10.80
自引率
10.30%
发文量
175
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The quality of the environment within buildings is a topic of major importance for public health. Indoor Air provides a location for reporting original research results in the broad area defined by the indoor environment of non-industrial buildings. An international journal with multidisciplinary content, Indoor Air publishes papers reflecting the broad categories of interest in this field: health effects; thermal comfort; monitoring and modelling; source characterization; ventilation and other environmental control techniques. The research results present the basic information to allow designers, building owners, and operators to provide a healthy and comfortable environment for building occupants, as well as giving medical practitioners information on how to deal with illnesses related to the indoor environment.
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