Enantioselective toxicity assessment of prothioconazole on earthworms (Eisenia foetida) in artificial soil environments

IF 3.9 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Likun Wang , Xuexin Tao , Ziyi Lin , Ningying Song , Huizhen Wu , Qian Mingrong
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Abstract

The chiral fungicide prothioconazole (PTZ) is extensively employed in agricultural practices, prompting serious concern due to its environmental impact. PTZ is prone to undergo metabolism, leading to the formation of chiral prothioconazole-desthio (dPTZ) in the environment. However, limited knowledge exists regarding its enantioselective behavior and toxicity towards invertebrate organisms in soil ecosystems. In this study, R-(-)- and S-(+)- PTZ enantiomers were individually synthesized, and their stereoselective toxicity effects on earthworms (E. foetida) were studied in artificial soil under environmentally relevant concentration exposures. The results showed a significant accumulation of dPTZ in earthworms, surpassing the levels of PTZ. Moreover, the concentration of S-(-)- dPTZ in earthworms was notably higher than that of R-(+)- dPTZ after exposure, reaching peak levels on day 14. Concurrently, oxidative stress induced by S-(+)- PTZ enantiomers in earthworms exhibited a substantial increase compared to R-(-)- enantiomers on day 14, indicating a higher ecological risk associated with the former in non-target organisms. Transcriptome analysis unveiled distinct impacts on earthworm physiology. S-(+)-PTZ exposure significantly affected energy metabolism, immune responses and digestive systems. In contrast, R-(-)-PTZ exposure influenced the synthesis of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. These insights contribute to understanding the complex interactions between PTZ enantiomers and soil-dwelling organisms, providing a scientific foundation for advancing the application of high efficiency, low toxicity PTZ monomer pesticides.

Abstract Image

人工土壤环境中丙硫菌唑对蚯蚓(Eisenia foetida)的对映选择性毒性评估
手性杀菌剂丙硫菌唑(PTZ)被广泛应用于农业生产中,其对环境的影响引起了人们的严重关注。PTZ 容易发生新陈代谢,从而在环境中形成手性丙硫菌唑-脱硫(dPTZ)。然而,人们对其对映体选择性以及对土壤生态系统中无脊椎动物的毒性了解有限。本研究分别合成了 R-(-)- 和 S-(+)- PTZ 对映体,并在人工土壤中研究了它们在环境相关浓度暴露下对蚯蚓(E. foetida)的立体选择性毒性效应。结果表明,dPTZ 在蚯蚓体内的蓄积量明显超过 PTZ。此外,暴露后蚯蚓体内 S-(-)- dPTZ 的浓度明显高于 R-(+)- dPTZ,在第 14 天达到峰值。同时,与R-(-)-对映体相比,S-(+)- PTZ对映体在蚯蚓体内诱发的氧化应激在第14天出现大幅增加,表明前者对非靶标生物的生态风险更高。转录组分析揭示了对蚯蚓生理机能的不同影响。接触 S-(+)-PTZ 会显著影响能量代谢、免疫反应和消化系统。相比之下,接触 R-(-)-PTZ 会影响碳水化合物、蛋白质和脂类的合成。这些见解有助于理解 PTZ 对映体与土栖生物之间复杂的相互作用,为推进高效、低毒 PTZ 单体农药的应用奠定了科学基础。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.50
自引率
5.10%
发文量
206
审稿时长
30 days
期刊介绍: Part C: Toxicology and Pharmacology. This journal is concerned with chemical and drug action at different levels of organization, biotransformation of xenobiotics, mechanisms of toxicity, including reactive oxygen species and carcinogenesis, endocrine disruptors, natural products chemistry, and signal transduction with a molecular approach to these fields.
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