Raising the Jewish nation: prescriptions of modern motherhood in folksgeszunt to Jews in interwar Eastern Europe.

IF 1.2 3区 社会学 0 HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Ethell Alexandra Gershengorin
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Abstract

The Society for the Preservation of the Health of the Jewish Population (OZE) was an organisation dedicated to providing medical aid to Eastern European Jews ravaged by war, revolution, poverty and disease during and after World War I. The OZE's top priority was addressing the health needs of Jewish children and teaching mothers how to 'properly' raise their infants, as children were believed to be the backbone and future of the Jewish nation. Analysing the OZE's public-facing newspaper Folksgezunt (People's Health), this paper examines how the OZE used reigning ideas in the Western European and North American scientific community around race and hygiene packaged in Yiddish to transform Jewish women into 'modern mothers'. Modernising maternity required Jewish women to be completely reliant on medical authority and relinquish traditional forms of childcare. At a time when Jews lived in different newly established nation-states of Eastern Europe, transforming maternity practices was part of a larger project started by Jewish physicians in the Russian Empire to unite Jews by defining them in national terms, replacing religious and parochial definitions. This paper uses discursive and gender analysis to explore how the OZE saw women's abilities (or not) to raise a healthy Jewish nation as a crucial part of Jewish national diaspora politics. Hence, this paper emphasises the political nature of a seemingly apolitical humanitarian project by uncovering how the image of a modern Jewish mother facilitated a vision of Jewish cohesion and perseverance through health.

养育犹太民族:乡亲们给战时东欧犹太人开出的现代母性处方》(Raising the Jewish nation: prescriptions of modern motherhood in folksgeszunt to Jews in interwar Eastern Europe)。
保护犹太人健康协会(OZE)是一个致力于在第一次世界大战期间和战后为饱受战争、革命、贫困和疾病蹂躏的东欧犹太人提供医疗援助的组织。OZE 的首要任务是满足犹太儿童的健康需求,教导母亲如何 "正确 "抚养婴儿,因为人们相信儿童是犹太民族的支柱和未来。通过分析 OZE 面向公众的报纸 Folksgezunt(《人民健康》),本文研究了 OZE 如何利用西欧和北美科学界关于种族和卫生的主流思想,用意第绪语包装,将犹太妇女改造成 "现代母亲"。现代化孕产要求犹太妇女完全依赖医学权威,放弃传统的育儿方式。当时,犹太人生活在东欧新建立的不同民族国家中,改变孕产习俗是俄罗斯帝国犹太医生启动的更大项目的一部分,目的是通过用民族术语定义犹太人来团结犹太人,取代宗教和狭隘的定义。本文通过话语分析和性别分析,探讨 OZE 如何将妇女养育一个健康犹太民族的能力(或能力不足)视为犹太人民族散居地政治的重要组成部分。因此,本文通过揭示现代犹太母亲的形象如何通过健康促进犹太凝聚力和坚韧不拔的愿景,强调了一个看似非政治性的人道主义项目的政治性质。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Medical Humanities
Medical Humanities HUMANITIES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
2.60
自引率
8.30%
发文量
59
期刊介绍: Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM) is an international peer reviewed journal concerned with areas of current importance in occupational medicine and environmental health issues throughout the world. Original contributions include epidemiological, physiological and psychological studies of occupational and environmental health hazards as well as toxicological studies of materials posing human health risks. A CPD/CME series aims to help visitors in continuing their professional development. A World at Work series describes workplace hazards and protetctive measures in different workplaces worldwide. A correspondence section provides a forum for debate and notification of preliminary findings.
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