Synthesis of binary and ternary MOF/carbon based composites (MOF/carbon nitride/graphene oxide) for the visible-light assisted destruction of tetracycline and textile dye

Abstract

Herein, binary and ternary MOF/carbon based composites (MOF/Carbon nitride/Graphene oxide) (novel binary (NH₂-MIL-88B(Fe)/g-C₃N₄) (MOF/Carbon nitride) and ternary (NH₂-MIL-88B(Fe)/g-C₃N₄/GO) (MOF/Carbon nitride/Graphene oxide) composites) were synthesized and used as photocatalysts for the elimination of Direct Red 23 (D-Red23) and Tetracycline Hydrochloride (TC-H). NH₂-MIL-88B(Fe)/g-C₃N₄/GO (MILB/g/GO) ternary composites with three different amounts of GO including 3, 7, and 11 ​wt% were synthesized and denoted as MILB/g/(3%)GO, MILB/g/(7%)GO, and MILB/g/(11%)GO. g-C₃N₄ and GO (with three different amounts 3, 7, and 11 ​wt%) were incorporated to synthesize MILB/g/(3%)GO, MILB/g/(7%)GO and MILB/g/(11%)GO ternary composites. Several analyses were used to characterize the materials. The MILB/g/(3%)GO demonstrated the highest pollutant degradation efficiency. The degradation rate of dye and Tetracycline after 70 ​min of light radiation using MILB/g/(3%)GO in a photo-Fenton-like reaction was about 99% and 96%, respectively. The creation of a heterojunction structure using g-C₃N₄, and the simultaneous incorporation of the optimum amount of GO led to a remarkable amelioration in photocatalytic properties and the extraordinary performance of MILB/g/(3%)GO in the pollutants degradation process.