Evolutions of distortion and residual stress in laser powder bed fusion based on assumption of constraining force

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Deqiao Xie, Jianfeng Zhao
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Abstract

Laser powder bed fusion is a promising technique that can produce complex-shaped and integrated part. However, distortion and residual stress are two issues that may decrease the precision and performance of built parts. Classical thermal gradient mechanism offers a basic interpretation toward distortion and residual stress. The evolutions of distortion and residual stress in laser powder bed fusion remain unclear. In this study, we used a physical model with an assumption of constraining force to illustrate the evolutions of distortion and residual stress during the additive process. Based on the model, we are able to understand the phenomenon of X-directional shrinkage, Z-directional distortion, and “tensile-compressive-tensile” distribution of X-directional stresses at the same time. It can be concluded that the shrinkage, distortion, and X-directional residual stress all result from the constraint between previously deposited layer and newly deposited layer, which has a strong shrinkage tendency when cooling. The distortion of part increases with deposition height, especially during first several layers. The “tensile-compressive-tensile” distribution of X-directional stresses can be maintained during the additive process. The magnitude of top tensile stress remains stable, while the tensile stress at bottom increases with the deposition height. This work provides a comprehensive understanding toward the evolutions of distortion and residual stress in laser powder bed fusion.
基于约束力假设的激光粉末床熔融过程中的变形和残余应力演变
激光粉末床熔融技术是一种很有前途的技术,可以生产形状复杂的集成零件。然而,变形和残余应力这两个问题可能会降低制造零件的精度和性能。经典的热梯度机制为变形和残余应力提供了基本解释。激光粉末床熔融过程中的变形和残余应力的演变仍不清楚。在本研究中,我们使用了一个假定有约束力的物理模型来说明添加过程中变形和残余应力的演变。基于该模型,我们能够同时理解 X 向收缩、Z 向变形以及 X 向应力的 "拉伸-压缩-拉伸 "分布现象。由此可以得出结论,收缩、变形和 X 向残余应力都是由先前沉积层和新沉积层之间的约束造成的,而新沉积层在冷却时有很强的收缩趋势。零件的变形随沉积高度的增加而增大,尤其是在前几层。在添加过程中,X 方向应力的 "拉伸-压缩-拉伸 "分布得以保持。顶部拉伸应力的大小保持稳定,而底部拉伸应力则随着沉积高度的增加而增加。这项研究为全面了解激光粉末床熔化过程中变形和残余应力的演变提供了一个新的视角。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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