Risk factors associated with nocebo effects: A review of reviews

IF 3.7 Q2 IMMUNOLOGY
Francesca Grosso , Diletta Barbiani , Cesare Cavalera , Eleonora Volpato , Francesco Pagnini
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

This meta-review aims to identify and categorize the risk factors that are associated with nocebo effects. The nocebo effect can exert a negative impact on treatment outcomes and have detrimental outcomes on health. Learning more about its potential predictors and risk factors is a crucial step to mitigating it.

Methods

Literature review studies about the risk factors for nocebo effects were searched through five databases (PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, and Embase) and through grey literature. Methodological validity and risk of bias were assessed. We conducted a thematic analysis of the results of the forty-three included reviews.

Results

We identified nine categories of risk factors: prior expectations and learning; socio-demographic characteristics; personality and individual differences; neurodegenerative conditions; inflammatory conditions; communication of information and patient-physician relationship; drug characteristics; setting; and self-awareness. We also highlighted the main biochemical and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying nocebo effects.

Conclusions

Nocebo effects arise from expectations of adverse symptoms, particularly when triggered by previous negative experiences. A trusting relationship with the treating physician and clear, tailored treatment instructions can act as protective factors against a nocebo effect. Clinical implications are discussed.

与前兆效应相关的风险因素:综述回顾
本综述旨在识别和归类与前功尽弃效应相关的风险因素。知错效应会对治疗结果产生负面影响,并对健康造成不利后果。方法通过五个数据库(PubMed、Scopus、The Cochrane Library、PsycINFO 和 Embase)和灰色文献检索有关不良效应风险因素的文献综述研究。我们对方法的有效性和偏倚风险进行了评估。结果我们确定了九类风险因素:先前的期望和学习;社会人口特征;个性和个体差异;神经退行性疾病;炎症;信息沟通和医患关系;药物特征;环境;以及自我意识。我们还强调了产生前兆效应的主要生化和神经生理学机制。结论前兆效应源于对不良症状的预期,尤其是由之前的负面经历引发时。与主治医生之间的信任关系以及明确、有针对性的治疗指导可作为防止出现前兆效应的保护因素。本文讨论了其临床意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Brain, behavior, & immunity - health
Brain, behavior, & immunity - health Biological Psychiatry, Behavioral Neuroscience
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
0.00%
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0
审稿时长
97 days
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