Gender Bias in Korean Spousal Terms: Insights from An Online Survey and Comparisons with Japanese and Chinese

Nin Ri
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Abstract

This research investigates gender bias in Korean spousal terms through an online survey conducted among Koreans (101 women and 134 men) from October 2023 to February 2024. Comparative analysis reveals that the gender bias in Korean aligns closer with that of Japanese than Chinese. Terms such as "바깥양반ba-kkat-yang-ban" (outer nobleman) and "집사람jib-sa-lam" (a person at home), emphasizing traditional gender roles, bear resemblances to "主人shu-jin" (master) and "家内ka-nai" (one inside the house) in Japanese. Korean couples also use terms based on their children's names when addressing each other publicly and privately, mirroring a practice observed between Japanese couples. Nevertheless, Korean spousal terms present specific features. For instance, "여보yeo-bo"(darling), exclusively used between spouses, signifies progress toward gender equality within the couple's relationship. Moreover, there is a noticeable uptick in men's use of the loanword "와이프wa-i-peu" (wife), and women's preference for the term "남편nam-pyeon" (male side), reflecting a growing awareness of gender equality. The results indicate that Korean spousal terms still reflect traditional male-dominated values, but are gradually improving. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying reasons for gender bias hidden in spousal terms across East Asia.
韩国配偶用语中的性别偏见:在线调查的启示以及与日语和汉语的比较
本研究通过 2023 年 10 月至 2024 年 2 月对韩国人(101 名女性和 134 名男性)进行的在线调查,研究了韩国配偶用语中的性别偏见。比较分析表明,韩语中的性别偏见与日语中的性别偏见相比更接近。诸如 "바깥양반ba-kkat-yang-ban"(外贵人)和 "집사람jib-sa-lam"(在家的人)等强调传统性别角色的词汇与日语中的 "主人shu-jin"(主人)和 "家内ka-nai"(家内的人)相似。韩国夫妇在公开或私下称呼对方时,也使用以子女名字为基础的用语,这与日本夫妇的做法如出一辙。不过,韩国的配偶用语也有自己的特点。例如,"여보 yeo-bo"(亲爱的)专门用于夫妻之间,表示夫妻关系中两性平等的进步。此外,男性使用借词 "와이프wa-i-peu"(妻子)和女性使用借词 "남편nam-pyeon"(男方)的情况明显增多,这反映出人们的性别平等意识在不断增强。研究结果表明,韩国的配偶用语仍然反映了传统的男性主导价值观,但正在逐步改善。要阐明东亚地区配偶用语中隐藏的性别偏见的根本原因,还需要进一步的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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