Man and embryo: Historicizing ideas about humanity in the study of reproduction, 18th–19th centuries

0 ANTHROPOLOGY
Sociology Lens Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI:10.1111/johs.12460
Chiara Lacroix
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This article is concerned with historicizing the idea that all people belong to a single collective of biological human beings. It analyzes implications and changes in the concept of “Man” over the 18th and 19th centuries, particularly in the study of reproduction and embryos. Examining gendered assumptions in 18th-century generation systems shows how these theories described the formation of male more than female embryos. This asymmetry matched the idea that only rational males, standing above nature, were determinant for the concept of Man. In the 19th century, new studies pushed Man closer to the rest of the natural world, provoking a readjustment in definitions of Man and understandings of the human embryo. However, far from equalizing humanity, the 19th-century concept of Man introduced a hierarchy in the human species based on different levels of embryonic and evolutionary development.

人与胚胎:18-19 世纪生殖研究中的人类历史化观念
本文关注的是将 "所有人都属于一个单一的生物人类集体 "这一观点历史化。文章分析了 "人 "的概念在 18 世纪和 19 世纪的影响和变化,特别是在生殖和胚胎研究方面。通过研究 18 世纪生殖系统中的性别假设,可以看出这些理论是如何描述男性胚胎而非女性胚胎的形成的。这种不对称性与 "人 "的概念中只有理性的男性凌驾于自然之上这一观点相吻合。19 世纪,新的研究使人类更接近自然界的其他部分,引发了对人类定义和人类胚胎理解的重新调整。然而,19 世纪的 "人 "的概念远远没有使人类平等化,而是根据胚胎和进化发展的不同水平,在人类物种中引入了等级制度。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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