Plant strategy of root system architecture and exudates for acquiring soil nutrients

IF 16.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Kazumichi Fujii
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Abstract

Vascular plants develop diverse root system architectures and exudates to facilitate acquisition of soil nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). Plant species have inherently specific properties of root system architectures and exudates, but some plants exhibit high plasticity to respond to spatiotemporal variations in soil nutrient forms and availability. This paper synthesizes evidence on how plant species diversity and root plasticity contribute to soil nutrient mobilization and uptake in plants from the tropics to the Arctic with varying plant species diversity. The development of finer roots in the surface soil is a well-known strategy for the acquisition of limited nutrients (especially phosphorus), but the allocation of roots foraging “nutrient hotspots” in deeper soil (podzolic soil or permafrost-affected soils) is an alternative strategy for coniferous trees tested in the Arctic and boreal forests. This contrasts with findings in tropical forests, where diverse plant species with different capacities of organic acid exudation coexist and species composition shifts in response to phosphorus deficiency. In particular, high malate exudation from roots and rhizosphere microbes stimulates phosphorus solubilization, aluminum detoxification, and lignin degradation in acidic soils. The diversity and plasticity of the root system architecture, root exudation, and the flexibility of nutrient sources mitigate nutrient limitation in soil. Root plasticity facilitating soil nutrient acquisition has a large impact on biogeochemistry and soil formation, such as podzolization, in the long term.

Abstract Image

植物根系结构和渗出物获取土壤养分的策略
维管植物发展出多种根系结构和渗出物,以促进对土壤养分(氮和磷)的获取。植物物种的根系结构和渗出物具有固有的特异性,但有些植物表现出很强的可塑性,能对土壤养分形式和可用性的时空变化做出反应。本文综合了从热带到北极不同植物物种多样性的证据,说明植物物种多样性和根系可塑性如何促进土壤养分的调动和吸收。在表层土壤中发展更细的根系是获取有限养分(尤其是磷)的一种众所周知的策略,但在深层土壤(荚膜土壤或受永久冻土影响的土壤)中分配根系寻找 "养分热点 "是在北极和北方森林中测试的针叶树的另一种策略。这与热带森林的研究结果形成了鲜明对比,在热带森林中,具有不同有机酸渗出能力的多种植物物种共存,物种组成会随着磷的缺乏而发生变化。特别是,在酸性土壤中,根系和根圈微生物的大量苹果酸渗出刺激了磷的溶解、铝的解毒和木质素的降解。根系结构的多样性和可塑性、根系渗出以及养分来源的灵活性缓解了土壤中的养分限制。根系的可塑性有利于土壤养分的获取,从长远来看,对生物地球化学和土壤形成(如荚果化)有很大影响。
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来源期刊
Accounts of Chemical Research
Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
31.40
自引率
1.10%
发文量
312
审稿时长
2 months
期刊介绍: Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.
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