{"title":"Classification of molds and definition of mold contamination","authors":"Thomas Gabrio, Guido Fischer","doi":"10.1007/s40629-024-00292-x","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The term “molds” is defined and relevant sources of molds are given. The conditions and growth of mold fungi are explained. The determination of mould spores and colony-forming units (CFU) in the air is briefly explained and it is made clear that the total spore count is relevant for assessing the sensitizing and allergenic effect of moulds. Outdoor air-associated moulds such as <i>Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium herbarum</i> and <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> (mx1 mould mixture) are of particular importance due to their high degree of sensitization. Their concentration in the air is determined by the vegetation and is therefore dependent on the season. In people who were tested for mx1, sensitization to <i>Alternaria alternata</i> (m6) was predominantly observed for the individual allergens. For many indoor-associated moulds, no (valid) commercially available test extracts for the detection of sensitization, so-called allergy tests, are available. Allergy test results of mold mixtures, such as mx1, cannot be used to determine an indoor mold allergy, nor can the results of mold measurements in the rooms used by the respective persons be used for a risk assessment in the event of an existing mold infestation in the interior. The classification of mold fungi is explained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37457,"journal":{"name":"Allergo Journal International","volume":"33 4","pages":"110 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Allergo Journal International","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40629-024-00292-x","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"Medicine","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The term “molds” is defined and relevant sources of molds are given. The conditions and growth of mold fungi are explained. The determination of mould spores and colony-forming units (CFU) in the air is briefly explained and it is made clear that the total spore count is relevant for assessing the sensitizing and allergenic effect of moulds. Outdoor air-associated moulds such as Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Cladosporium herbarum and Penicillium chrysogenum (mx1 mould mixture) are of particular importance due to their high degree of sensitization. Their concentration in the air is determined by the vegetation and is therefore dependent on the season. In people who were tested for mx1, sensitization to Alternaria alternata (m6) was predominantly observed for the individual allergens. For many indoor-associated moulds, no (valid) commercially available test extracts for the detection of sensitization, so-called allergy tests, are available. Allergy test results of mold mixtures, such as mx1, cannot be used to determine an indoor mold allergy, nor can the results of mold measurements in the rooms used by the respective persons be used for a risk assessment in the event of an existing mold infestation in the interior. The classification of mold fungi is explained.
期刊介绍：
Allergo Journal International is the official Journal of the German Society for Applied Allergology (AeDA) and the Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology (ÖGAI). The journal is a forum for the communication and exchange of ideas concerning the various aspects of allergy (including related fields such as clinical immunology and environmental medicine) and promotes German allergy research in an international context. The aim of Allergo Journal International is to provide state of the art information for all medical and scientific disciplines that deal with allergic, immunological and environmental diseases. Allergo Journal International publishes original articles, reviews, short communications, case reports, and letters to the editor. The articles cover topics such as allergic, immunological and environmental diseases, the latest developments in diagnosis and therapy as well as current research work concerning antigens and allergens and aspects related to occupational and environmental medicine. In addition, it publishes clinical guidelines and position papers approved by expert panels of the German, Austrian and Swiss Allergy Societies.
All submissions are reviewed in single-blind fashion by at least two reviewers.
Originally, the journal started as a German journal called Allergo Journal back in 1992. Throughout the years, English articles amounted to a considerable portion in Allergo Journal. This was one of the reasons to extract the scientific content and publish it in a separate journal. Hence, Allergo Journal International was born and now is the international continuation of the original German journal. Nowadays, all original content is published in Allergo Journal International first. Later, selected manuscripts will be translated and published in German and included in Allergo Journal.
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