Protest now: A systems view of 21st century movements

Colin Wayne Leach, Shaunette T. Ferguson, Cátia P. Teixeira
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Abstract

The 21st century has seen unprecedented levels of mass protest all over the world. Protest is a dynamic interplay of actions over time, across levels of society (e.g., individual, interpersonal, group, intergroup), and across domains (e.g., social, cultural, political, economic). To illustrate this systems view, we first describe the local and global ecology of protest as it operates in the world now. We rely mainly on macro-level social science research to describe the scale and scope of specific movements (e.g., Black Lives Matter) as well as temporal trends in protest across the world. Second, we offer an expansive conceptualization of the types of protest, and the consequences of protest, based on an integrative review of micro- and meso-level research in psychology, and macro-level research in social science. Third, we present a temporal social network analysis of the emergence of the Black Lives Matter movement as an empirical example of a systems approach.
现在就抗议21 世纪运动的系统视角
21 世纪,世界各地的群众抗议达到了前所未有的程度。抗议是不同时期、不同社会层面(如个人、人际、群体、群体间)和不同领域(如社会、文化、政治、经济)行动的动态相互作用。为了说明这一系统观点,我们首先描述了当前世界上抗议活动的地方和全球生态。我们主要依靠宏观层面的社会科学研究来描述特定运动(如 "黑人生命至上")的规模和范围,以及世界各地抗议活动的时间趋势。其次,我们在对心理学的微观和中观研究以及社会科学的宏观研究进行综合回顾的基础上,对抗议的类型和抗议的后果进行了扩展性概念化。第三,作为系统方法的一个实证案例,我们对 "黑人生命至上 "运动的出现进行了时间社会网络分析。
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