Analysis of the Effects of the Vrn-1 and Ppd-1 Alleles on Adaptive and Agronomic Traits in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Plants Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI:10.3390/plants13111453

Kirill O. Plotnikov, A. Klimenko, E. S. Ovchinnikova, S. Lashin, N. P. Goncharov

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Abstract

Wheat heading time is primarily governed by two loci: VRN-1 (response to vernalization) and PPD-1 (response to photoperiod). Five sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) were studied with the aim of investigating the effect of the aforementioned genes on wheat vegetative period duration and 14 yield-related traits. Every NIL was sown in the hydroponic greenhouse of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS. To assess their allelic composition at the VRN-1 and PPD-1 loci, molecular markers were used. It was shown that HT in plants with the Vrn-A1vrn-B1vrn-D1 genotype was reduced by 29 and 21 days (p < 0.001) in comparison to HT in plants with the vrn-A1Vrn-B1vrn-D1 and the vrn-A1vrn-B1Vrn-D1 genotypes, respectively. In our study, we noticed a decrease in spike length as well as spikelet number per spike parameter for some NIL carriers of the Vrn-A1a allele in comparison to carriers of the Vrn-B1 allele. PCA revealed three first principal components (PC), together explaining more than 70% of the data variance. Among the studied genetic traits, the Vrn-A1a and Ppd-D1a alleles showed significant correlations with PCs. Regarding genetic components, significant correlations were calculated between PC3 and Ppd-B1a (−0.26, p < 0.05) and Vrn-B1 (0.57, p < 0.05) alleles. Thus, the presence of the Vrn-A1a allele affects heading time, while Ppd-D1a is associated with plant height reduction.

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Vrn-1 和 Ppd-1 等位基因对普通小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）适应性和农艺性状的影响分析

小麦的抽穗期主要受两个基因位点的控制：VRN-1（对春化的反应）和 PPD-1（对光周期的反应）。研究了五组近等基因系（NILs），目的是调查上述基因对小麦无性期持续时间和 14 个产量相关性状的影响。每个 NIL 都播种在 SB RAS 细胞学和遗传学研究所的水培温室中。为了评估它们在 VRN-1 和 PPD-1 基因座上的等位基因组成，使用了分子标记。结果表明，与 vrn-A1Vrn-B1vrn-D1 和 vrn-A1vrn-B1Vrn-D1 基因型植物的 HT 相比，Vrn-A1vrn-B1vrn-D1 基因型植物的 HT 分别缩短了 29 天和 21 天（p < 0.001）。在我们的研究中，我们注意到与 Vrn-B1 等位基因的携带者相比，一些 Vrn-A1a 等位基因的 NIL 携带者的穗长和每穗小穗数参数都有所下降。PCA 显示了三个第一主成分（PC），共同解释了 70% 以上的数据方差。在所研究的遗传特征中，Vrn-A1a 和 Ppd-D1a 等位基因与 PC 存在显著相关性。在遗传成分方面，PC3 与 Ppd-B1a 等位基因（-0.26，p＜0.05）和 Vrn-B1 等位基因（0.57，p＜0.05）之间存在明显的相关性。因此，Vrn-A1a 等位基因的存在会影响打顶时间，而 Ppd-D1a 则与植株高度降低有关。

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Plants

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