Circular economy initiatives for forest-based bioeconomy: Harnessing the potential of non-wood biomaterials

Abstract

In a context where innovation and environmental protection are increasingly essential, a new perspective has emerged, lighting the way to a sustainable future. This is the circular economy in the forest bioeconomy, focusing on the exploitation of non-wood biomaterials. This article uses the Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses systematic review method to provide the information needed to ensure the sustainable exploitation of non-woody biomaterials for a circular economy. A total of 1062 studies were collected from several scientific databases, and only 107 met the inclusion criteria. Most publications came from Europe, America and Asia, and were mostly published between 2018 and 2023. Studies focused on the circular economy, the bioeconomy, forest economics and non-wood biomaterials. This review explores sustainable strategies for the use of non-wood biomaterials in the forest economy and highlights circular economic models incorporating waste recovery, eco-design of sustainable products and the economy of functionality. Responsible management policies, including standards, sustainable forest planning and economic incentives, are essential for ethical forestry. Collaborative partnerships, such as collaborative platforms and multi-stakeholder initiatives, are emerging as levers for optimal resource utilization. Despite logistical, economic and regulatory challenges, these biomaterials offer growth opportunities through innovation, awareness and new markets. The recommendations focus on financial investment, the development of public–private partnerships and political incentives to foster a sustainable and innovative forest economy.