Comparison of shock absorption capacities of three types of mouthguards: A comparative in vitro study

IF 2.3 3区医学 Q2 DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE

Dental Traumatology Pub Date : 2024-05-25 DOI:10.1111/edt.12968

Yohan Arfi, Aurélie Benoit, Laurent Tapie, Baptiste Sandoz, Sylvain Persohn, Jean-Pierre Attal, Christophe Rignon-Bret

{"title":"Comparison of shock absorption capacities of three types of mouthguards: A comparative in vitro study","authors":"Yohan Arfi, Aurélie Benoit, Laurent Tapie, Baptiste Sandoz, Sylvain Persohn, Jean-Pierre Attal, Christophe Rignon-Bret","doi":"10.1111/edt.12968","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Background/Aim</h3>\n \n <p>3D printing processes can be used to manufacture custom-made mouthguards for sports activities. Few studies have compared the impact performance of industrial-created mouthguards with that of custom-made mouthguards manufactured by thermoforming or 3D printing. The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the shock absorption capacities of custom-made mouthguards manufactured by 3D printing with industrial mouthguards and thermoformed ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguards.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\n \n <p>For each type of mouthguard, eight samples were produced. 3D-printed mouthguards were manufactured using digital light processing technology. Each mouthguard was subjected to an impact performance test defined by the standard AFNOR XP S72-427, which evaluate maximum deceleration and force transmitted during impact. The thickness of each mouthguard before and after a series of five impacts was measured at the impacted inter-incisal area.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Results</h3>\n \n <p>The mean maximum decelerations during impact ranged from 129 to 189 g for industrial mouthguards, 287 to 425 g for thermoformed EVA mouthguards, and 277 to 302 g for 3D-printed mouthguards. The mean reduction in mouthguard thickness at the impact zone after five tests was 1.2 mm for industrial mouthguards, 0.6 mm for 3D-printed mouthguards, and 2.2 mm for thermoformed EVA mouthguards.</p>\n </section>\n \n <section>\n \n <h3> Conclusions</h3>\n \n <p>Custom-made 3D printed mouthguards showed slightly better shock absorption ability than thermoformed mouthguards with respect to the indicator proposed in XP S72-427. They seemed to combine the practical advantages of thermoformed mouthguards in sports with better shock absorption capacity and lower cost. Furthermore, they had the least thickness variation during the test, and their shock absorption capacity was the least affected by repeated mechanical tests. Other types of 3D-printing resin materials that will become available must continue to be tested for shock absorption to provide the best protection to users at low cost.</p>\n </section>\n </div>","PeriodicalId":55180,"journal":{"name":"Dental Traumatology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/edt.12968","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Dental Traumatology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/edt.12968","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background/Aim

3D printing processes can be used to manufacture custom-made mouthguards for sports activities. Few studies have compared the impact performance of industrial-created mouthguards with that of custom-made mouthguards manufactured by thermoforming or 3D printing. The objective of this in vitro study was to compare the shock absorption capacities of custom-made mouthguards manufactured by 3D printing with industrial mouthguards and thermoformed ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguards.

Materials and Methods

For each type of mouthguard, eight samples were produced. 3D-printed mouthguards were manufactured using digital light processing technology. Each mouthguard was subjected to an impact performance test defined by the standard AFNOR XP S72-427, which evaluate maximum deceleration and force transmitted during impact. The thickness of each mouthguard before and after a series of five impacts was measured at the impacted inter-incisal area.

Results

The mean maximum decelerations during impact ranged from 129 to 189 g for industrial mouthguards, 287 to 425 g for thermoformed EVA mouthguards, and 277 to 302 g for 3D-printed mouthguards. The mean reduction in mouthguard thickness at the impact zone after five tests was 1.2 mm for industrial mouthguards, 0.6 mm for 3D-printed mouthguards, and 2.2 mm for thermoformed EVA mouthguards.

Conclusions

Custom-made 3D printed mouthguards showed slightly better shock absorption ability than thermoformed mouthguards with respect to the indicator proposed in XP S72-427. They seemed to combine the practical advantages of thermoformed mouthguards in sports with better shock absorption capacity and lower cost. Furthermore, they had the least thickness variation during the test, and their shock absorption capacity was the least affected by repeated mechanical tests. Other types of 3D-printing resin materials that will become available must continue to be tested for shock absorption to provide the best protection to users at low cost.

查看原文本刊更多论文

三种护齿的减震能力比较：体外比较研究

背景/目的：3D 打印工艺可用于制造体育活动中的定制护齿。很少有研究将工业制造的护齿与通过热成型或 3D 打印制造的定制护齿的冲击性能进行比较。本体外研究的目的是比较 3D 打印定制护齿与工业护齿和热成型乙烯-醋酸乙烯（EVA）护齿的冲击吸收能力：每种类型的护齿都制作了八个样品。三维打印的护齿采用数字光处理技术制造。每个护齿都接受了 AFNOR XP S72-427 标准规定的冲击性能测试，该测试评估了冲击过程中的最大减速度和传递力。每个护齿在受到五次撞击之前和之后的厚度都在受到撞击的齿颊间区域进行了测量：结果：工业护齿在撞击过程中的平均最大减速度为 129 至 189 克，热成型 EVA 护齿为 287 至 425 克，3D 打印护齿为 277 至 302 克。经过五次测试后，工业护齿在冲击区的平均厚度减少了 1.2 毫米，3D 打印护齿减少了 0.6 毫米，热成型 EVA 护齿减少了 2.2 毫米：就 XP S72-427 中提出的指标而言，定制三维打印护齿的减震能力略优于热成型护齿。它们似乎结合了热成型护齿在运动中的实用优势，具有更好的减震能力和更低的成本。此外，它们在测试过程中的厚度变化最小，其减震能力受反复机械测试的影响也最小。为了以较低的成本为用户提供最好的保护，必须继续对即将上市的其他类型的 3D 打印树脂材料进行减震测试。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Dental Traumatology 医学-牙科与口腔外科

CiteScore

6.40

自引率

32.00%

发文量

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Dental Traumatology is an international journal that aims to convey scientific and clinical progress in all areas related to adult and pediatric dental traumatology. This includes the following topics: - Epidemiology, Social Aspects, Education, Diagnostics - Esthetics / Prosthetics/ Restorative - Evidence Based Traumatology & Study Design - Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery/Transplant/Implant - Pediatrics and Orthodontics - Prevention and Sports Dentistry - Endodontics and Periodontal Aspects The journal"s aim is to promote communication among clinicians, educators, researchers, and others interested in the field of dental traumatology.