The effect of a biofeedback-based virtual reality game on pain, fear and anxiety levels during port catheter needle insertion in pediatric oncology patients: A randomized controlled study

Abstract

Purpose

It is essential to control pain, fear, and anxiety related to medical procedures to improve the well-being of the child and family trying to cope with the disease process. This study investigated the impact of the biofeedback-based virtual reality game (BioVirtualPed) on pain, fear, and anxiety levels during port needle insertion in pediatric oncology patients (POPs).

Methods

This randomized controlled study was conducted at a hospital between August and December 2023 involving 62 POPs aged 6–12 and their mothers. The intervention group wore a virtual reality headset and a respiratory sensor during the procedure. Data were collected using the Descriptive Information Form, Wong-Baker Pain Assessment Scale, Child Fear Scale, Children's State Anxiety, Satisfaction Scoring-Visual Analog Scale, and ADXL354 Sensor. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS for Windows Version 24.0.

Results

The intervention group showed lower mean pain scores than the control group (p < 0.001). There was no difference in pre-procedure fear and anxiety scores between groups (p > 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively). Post-procedure fear and anxiety scores were lower in the intervention group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The intervention group's mean respiratory rates were lower (p < 0.001), and their satisfaction scores were higher (p < 0.001). Agreements between POPs and mothers on pain, fear, and anxiety scores were good and excellent across groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The BioVirtualPed reduced procedure-related pain, anxiety, and fear, increased care satisfaction, and had a positive effect on the mean respiratory rate, hence it shows promising results, but these findings need further comfirmation.