Changes in State Laws on Suicide Prevention Training for School Staff, 2002-2022.

IF 3 4区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Public Health Reports Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-23 DOI:10.1177/00333549241249922

Kyle Rosenblum, Christopher Dunphy, Jing Wang, Kessa Frantz, Rachel Hulkower, Sharon Wong

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: Youth suicide is an urgent public health problem. Gatekeeper training aims to prevent suicide by training people to identify warning signs and make referrals to appropriate services. Many states in the United States have enacted gatekeeper training laws (GTLs) to train school staff in suicide prevention. The objectives of this study were to describe the development of a dataset on GTLs and use the dataset to summarize trends in uptake of GTLs from 2002 through 2022 as well as differences in characteristics (eg, frequency and duration of training) of GTLs.

Methods: We used publicly available legal databases from all 50 states and the District of Columbia to conduct a policy surveillance assessment of GTLs. We cross-checked data with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention's 2022 Suicide Prevention in Schools (K-12) issue brief and used Westlaw Edge to conduct a sensitivity analysis. We included the following data in the full dataset: type of laws (encouraged, mandatory, or conditional mandatory), date passed, effective date, frequency of training, and length of training.

Results: In 2022, 49 states and the District of Columbia had GTLs, 31 of which were mandatory laws. In 2002, only 6 states had such laws, and none were mandatory.

Conclusion: The growing proliferation of laws on suicide prevention training for school staff warrants evaluation of the laws' effectiveness. Our policy surveillance data may be used to better understand the role of these laws in a school-based approach to youth suicide prevention.

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2002-2022 年各州关于学校教职员工自杀预防培训的法律变化。

目标：青少年自杀是一个紧迫的公共卫生问题。把关人培训旨在通过培训人们识别自杀警示信号并将其转介到适当的服务机构，从而预防自杀。美国许多州都颁布了守门人培训法（GTL），对学校教职员工进行预防自杀方面的培训。本研究的目的是介绍 GTL 数据集的开发情况，并利用该数据集总结 2002 年至 2022 年期间 GTL 的使用趋势以及 GTL 的特征差异（如培训频率和持续时间）：我们利用所有 50 个州和哥伦比亚特区公开可用的法律数据库，对 GTL 进行了政策监督评估。我们将数据与美国预防自杀基金会（American Foundation for Suicide Prevention）的《2022 年学校（K-12）预防自杀问题简报》（2022 Suicide Prevention in Schools (K-12) issue brief）进行了交叉核对，并使用 Westlaw Edge 进行了敏感性分析。我们在完整数据集中纳入了以下数据：法律类型（鼓励性、强制性或有条件强制性）、通过日期、生效日期、培训频率和培训时长：2022 年，49 个州和哥伦比亚特区制定了 GTL，其中 31 个州为强制性法律。结果：2022 年，49 个州和哥伦比亚特区制定了 GTL，其中 31 个是强制性法律；2002 年，只有 6 个州制定了此类法律，而且都不是强制性的：有关学校教职员工自杀预防培训的法律日益增多，需要对这些法律的有效性进行评估。我们的政策监测数据可用于更好地了解这些法律在以学校为基础的青少年自杀预防方法中的作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Public Health Reports 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生

CiteScore

5.00

自引率

6.10%

发文量

164

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： Public Health Reports is the official journal of the Office of the U.S. Surgeon General and the U.S. Public Health Service and has been published since 1878. It is published bimonthly, plus supplement issues, through an official agreement with the Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health. The journal is peer-reviewed and publishes original research and commentaries in the areas of public health practice and methodology, original research, public health law, and public health schools and teaching. Issues contain regular commentaries by the U.S. Surgeon General and executives of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Health. The journal focuses upon such topics as tobacco control, teenage violence, occupational disease and injury, immunization, drug policy, lead screening, health disparities, and many other key and emerging public health issues. In addition to the six regular issues, PHR produces supplemental issues approximately 2-5 times per year which focus on specific topics that are of particular interest to our readership. The journal''s contributors are on the front line of public health and they present their work in a readable and accessible format.