The Role of Stem Cell Therapies in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases.

Bindhu Jayaprakash, Maya Savira, Ammar Abdul Razzak Mahmood, Muthu Prasanna
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Abstract

Cellular replacement therapy and genetic transfer in injured brains provide new pathways for treating human neurological illnesses. Current progress in the field focuses on the production of neurons and glial cells from many types of stem cells, such as embryonic, induced pluripotent, mesenchymal, and neural stem cells. This has led to a significant increase in research on brain transplantation treatments. Extended neurodegeneration results in the progressive decline of certain neuronal subtypes or whole neuronal cells. An analysis of the progress made in induced pluripotent and mesenchymal stem cells reveals their significant promise in disease modeling, regeneration, and medication screening. The requirement for stem cells in neurodegenerative disease studies has been crucial in recent years. Stem cells provide the potential for replacing impaired neurons, comprehending disease needs modeling, and creating efficient treatments, but they have many challenges in culturing and acceptability to the host immune cells. The need to use their potential in discovering novel therapies for diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis leads to promising therapy. This review examines the function of stem cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis. This review further examines hurdles such as immunological reactions and delivery systems intending to overcome these problems. This article offers a detailed viewpoint on the use of stem cell-based nanotherapies as revolutionary treatments for various neurological illnesses.

干细胞疗法在治疗神经退行性疾病中的作用。
受伤大脑的细胞替代疗法和基因转移为治疗人类神经系统疾病提供了新途径。该领域目前的进展主要集中在利用胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞、间充质干细胞和神经干细胞等多种干细胞制造神经元和神经胶质细胞。这使得脑移植治疗的研究大幅增加。神经退行性扩展导致某些神经元亚型或整个神经元细胞逐渐衰退。对诱导多能干细胞和间充质干细胞研究进展的分析表明,它们在疾病建模、再生和药物筛选方面大有可为。近年来,神经退行性疾病研究对干细胞的需求至关重要。干细胞具有替代受损神经元、理解疾病建模需求和创造高效治疗方法的潜力,但它们在培养和宿主免疫细胞接受性方面面临许多挑战。利用干细胞的潜力发现治疗阿尔茨海默氏症、帕金森氏症和肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化症等疾病的新疗法,是大有可为的。本综述探讨了干细胞在亨廷顿氏病、帕金森氏病、阿尔茨海默病和多发性硬化症的发病机制和治疗中的功能。这篇综述进一步探讨了免疫反应等障碍,以及旨在克服这些问题的输送系统。本文详细阐述了利用干细胞纳米疗法治疗各种神经系统疾病的革命性方法。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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