Prophages carrying Zot toxins on different Vibrio genomes: A comprehensive assessment using multilayer networks

IF 4.3 2区 生物学 Q2 MICROBIOLOGY
Esteban F. Soto, Melissa Alegría, Felipe Sepúlveda, Katherine García, Gastón Higuera, Daniel Castillo, Francisco E. Fontúrbel, Roberto Bastías
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Abstract

Vibrios, a group of bacteria that are among the most abundant in marine environments, include several species such as Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, which can be pathogenic to humans. Some species of Vibrio contain prophages within their genomes. These prophages can carry genes that code for toxins, such as the zonula occludens toxin (Zot), which contribute to bacterial virulence. Understanding the association between different Vibrio species, prophages and Zot genes can provide insights into their ecological interactions. In this study, we evaluated 4619 Vibrio genomes from 127 species to detect the presence of prophages carrying the Zot toxin. We found 2030 potential prophages with zot-like genes in 43 Vibrio species, showing a non-random association within a primarily modular interaction network. Some prophages, such as CTX or Vf33, were associated with specific species. In contrast, prophages phiVCY and VfO3K6 were found in 28 and 20 Vibrio species, respectively. We also identified six clusters of Zot-like sequences in prophages, with the ZOT2 cluster being the most frequent, present in 34 Vibrio species. This analysis helps to understand the distribution patterns of zot-containing prophages across Vibrio genomes and the potential routes of Zot-like toxin dissemination.

Abstract Image

不同弧菌基因组上携带 Zot 毒素的噬菌体:利用多层网络进行综合评估。
弧菌是一类在海洋环境中数量最多的细菌,包括霍乱弧菌和副溶血性弧菌等几个可对人类致病的物种。有些弧菌的基因组中含有噬菌体。这些噬菌体可携带编码毒素的基因,例如带状闭塞毒素(Zot),这有助于增强细菌的毒性。了解不同弧菌种类、噬菌体和 Zot 基因之间的关联,有助于深入了解它们之间的生态相互作用。在这项研究中,我们评估了来自 127 个弧菌物种的 4619 个基因组,以检测是否存在携带 Zot 毒素的噬菌体。我们在 43 个弧菌物种中发现了 2030 个带有 Zot 类基因的潜在噬菌体,这表明在一个主要是模块化的相互作用网络中存在非随机的关联。一些噬菌体(如 CTX 或 Vf33)与特定物种相关。相反,噬菌体 phiVCY 和 VfO3K6 则分别出现在 28 和 20 个弧菌物种中。我们还在噬菌体中发现了六个 Zot 样序列群,其中 ZOT2 群最常见,存在于 34 个弧菌物种中。这项分析有助于了解含 Zot 的噬菌体在弧菌基因组中的分布模式以及 Zot 类毒素的潜在传播途径。
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来源期刊
Environmental microbiology
Environmental microbiology 环境科学-微生物学
CiteScore
9.90
自引率
3.90%
发文量
427
审稿时长
2.3 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Microbiology provides a high profile vehicle for publication of the most innovative, original and rigorous research in the field. The scope of the Journal encompasses the diversity of current research on microbial processes in the environment, microbial communities, interactions and evolution and includes, but is not limited to, the following: the structure, activities and communal behaviour of microbial communities microbial community genetics and evolutionary processes microbial symbioses, microbial interactions and interactions with plants, animals and abiotic factors microbes in the tree of life, microbial diversification and evolution population biology and clonal structure microbial metabolic and structural diversity microbial physiology, growth and survival microbes and surfaces, adhesion and biofouling responses to environmental signals and stress factors modelling and theory development pollution microbiology extremophiles and life in extreme and unusual little-explored habitats element cycles and biogeochemical processes, primary and secondary production microbes in a changing world, microbially-influenced global changes evolution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial viruses new technological developments in microbial ecology and evolution, in particular for the study of activities of microbial communities, non-culturable microorganisms and emerging pathogens
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