“I will attend to college to give my family a better life”: Indebtedness with the family and the challenges of building occupational plans for Peruvian adolescents

IF 4.6 2区 心理学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES
María Angélica Pease Dreibelbis, Estefanía Urbano Flores, Rafaella Andrea De la Puente Ronceros
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Identifying a future occupation is an important achievement during adolescence, a process particularly complex for Peruvian adolescents. Perú is a postcolonial country with many forms of inequality, and one of them is the opportunity gap to attend a college. However, most adolescents aspire to go to university as a way out of poverty, and, since Perú is a collectivist society, this is a family task: it is adolescents' responsibility to go to college in order to give a better life to their families. Theories developed for WEIRD societies (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich and Democratic) do not provide an accurate explanation of Peruvian adolescents' occupational projects because they envision a person with autonomy and resources to choose a career. Thus, our goal is to analyze adolescents' occupational plans considering the role adolescent–caregivers relationships play in this configuration. This study is part of the project “Being an adolescent in Perú” (PUCP-UNICEF) which characterized Peruvian adolescence by studying 14 variables through a qualitative study with 66 participants. In depth interviews were conducted and the data was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results of the thematic analysis are organized in three topics that explain the relationship between occupational plans and adolescent–caregiver relationship (1) adolescents have occupational aspirations rather than achievable projects that are that are built alone, without adult support; (2) attending college as an occupational aspiration belongs to the family, not to the individual operating also a kind of “debt” to pay to their caregivers for being financially supported to be able to study in high school; and (3) caregivers do not have the possibility or resources of being able to accompany their adolescent's occupational plans. We conclude that Peruvian adolescents think about their future within the framework of their family's needs, rather than linked to personal and occupational goals, impeding adolescents from exploring and selecting a realistic occupational goal consistent with their interests. The results allow us to discuss the relevance of studying adolescent development taking into account the particularities of the adolescents' cultural and socioeconomic contexts as well as the core role that relationship with caregivers plays in this process in Perú.

"我要上大学,让家人过上更好的生活":秘鲁青少年的家庭债务和制定职业计划的挑战。
确定未来的职业是青少年时期的一项重要成就,对于秘鲁青少年来说,这一过程尤为复杂。秘鲁是一个后殖民国家,存在多种形式的不平等,其中之一就是上大学的机会差距。然而,大多数青少年都渴望上大学,以此作为摆脱贫困的途径,而且,由于秘鲁是一个集体主义社会,上大学是一项家庭任务:青少年有责任上大学,以便让家人过上更好的生活。针对 WEIRD 社会(西方社会、受教育社会、工业化社会、富裕社会和民主社会)提出的理论并不能准确解释秘鲁青少年的职业计划,因为这些理论设想的是一个拥有自主权和资源来选择职业的人。因此,我们的目标是分析青少年的职业规划,同时考虑到青少年与照顾者之间的关系在这一配置中所扮演的角色。本研究是 "秘鲁青少年"(PUCP-UNICEF)项目的一部分,该项目通过对 66 名参与者进行定性研究,研究了 14 个变量,从而描述了秘鲁青少年的特点。研究人员进行了深入访谈,并采用专题分析法对数据进行了分析。专题分析的结果分为三个主题,解释了职业计划与青少年和照顾者之间的关系:(1) 青少年有职业抱负,而不是可以实现的项目,这些项目是在没有成人支持的情况下独自完成的;(2) 上大学作为一种职业抱负属于家庭,而不是个人,这也是一种 "债务",需要向照顾者偿还,以获得经济支持,从而能够在高中学习;(3) 照顾者没有可能或资源陪伴青少年的职业计划。我们的结论是,秘鲁青少年是在家庭需要的框架内考虑自己的未来,而不是将其与个人和职业目标联系起来,这阻碍了青少年探索和选择符合其兴趣的现实职业目标。这些结果使我们能够讨论研究青少年发展的相关性,同时考虑到青少年的文化和社会经济背景的特殊性,以及在秘鲁,与照顾者的关系在这一过程中所扮演的核心角色。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.90
自引率
8.30%
发文量
97
期刊介绍: Multidisciplinary and international in scope, the Journal of Research on Adolescence (JRA) significantly advances knowledge in the field of adolescent research. Employing a diverse array of methodologies, this compelling journal publishes original research and integrative reviews of the highest level of scholarship. Featured studies include both quantitative and qualitative methodologies applied to cognitive, physical, emotional, and social development and behavior. Articles pertinent to the variety of developmental patterns inherent throughout adolescence are featured, including cross-national and cross-cultural studies. Attention is given to normative patterns of behavior as well as individual differences rooted in personal or social and cultural factors.
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