Pathogenicity and escape to pre-existing immunity of a new genotype of swine influenza H1N2 virus that emerged in France in 2020.

IF 3.7 1区 农林科学 Q1 VETERINARY SCIENCES
Céline Deblanc, Stéphane Quéguiner, Stéphane Gorin, Gautier Richard, Angélique Moro, Nicolas Barbier, Gérald Le Diguerher, Frédéric Paboeuf, Séverine Hervé, Gaëlle Simon
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In 2020, a new genotype of swine H1N2 influenza virus (H1avN2-HA 1C.2.4) was identified in France. It rapidly spread within the pig population and supplanted the previously predominant H1avN1-HA 1C.2.1 virus. To characterize this new genotype which is genetically and antigenically distant from the other H1avNx viruses detected in France, an experimental study was conducted to compare the outcomes of H1avN2 and H1avN1 infections in pigs and evaluate the protection conferred by the only inactivated vaccine currently licensed in Europe containing an HA 1C (clade 1C.2.2) antigen. Infection with H1avN2 induced stronger clinical signs and earlier shedding than H1avN1. The neutralizing antibodies produced following H1avN2 infection were unable to neutralize H1avN1, and vice versa, whereas the cellular-mediated immunity cross-reacted. Vaccination slightly altered the impact of H1avN2 infection at the clinical level, but did not prevent shedding of infectious virus particles. It induced a cellular-mediated immune response towards H1avN2, but did not produce neutralizing antibodies against this virus. As in vaccinated animals, animals previously infected by H1avN1 developed a cross-reacting cellular immune response but no neutralizing antibodies against H1avN2. However, H1avN1 pre-infection induced a better protection against the H1avN2 infection than vaccination, probably due to higher levels of non-neutralizing antibodies and a mucosal immunity. Altogether, these results showed that the new H1avN2 genotype induced a severe respiratory infection and that the actual vaccine was less effective against this H1avN2-HA 1C.2.4 than against H1avN1-HA 1C.2.1, which may have contributed to the H1avN2 epizootic and dissemination in pig farms in France.

2020 年在法国出现的猪流感 H1N2 病毒新基因型的致病性和对原有免疫力的逃逸。
2020 年,法国发现了一种新的猪 H1N2 流感病毒基因型(H1avN2-HA 1C.2.4)。它在猪群中迅速传播,取代了之前占主导地位的 H1avN1-HA 1C.2.1 病毒。这种新基因型与法国检测到的其他 H1avNx 病毒在基因和抗原上都有很大差异,为了确定这种新基因型的特征,我们进行了一项实验研究,比较猪感染 H1avN2 和 H1avN1 的结果,并评估目前欧洲唯一许可使用的含有 HA 1C(1C.2.2 支系)抗原的灭活疫苗所提供的保护。与 H1avN1 相比,感染 H1avN2 会引起更严重的临床症状和更早的脱落。感染 H1avN2 后产生的中和抗体无法中和 H1avN1,反之亦然,而细胞介导的免疫则会产生交叉反应。接种疫苗略微改变了 H1avN2 感染对临床的影响,但并不能阻止传染性病毒颗粒的脱落。它诱导了针对 H1avN2 的细胞介导免疫反应,但并未产生针对该病毒的中和抗体。与接种疫苗的动物一样,之前感染过 H1avN1 的动物也会产生交叉反应的细胞免疫反应,但不会产生针对 H1avN2 的中和抗体。不过,与接种疫苗相比,H1avN1 预感染能更好地保护动物免受 H1avN2 感染,这可能是由于非中和性抗体和粘膜免疫水平较高。总之,这些结果表明,新的 H1avN2 基因型会诱发严重的呼吸道感染,而实际疫苗对这种 H1avN2-HA 1C.2.4 的效果不如对 H1avN1-HA 1C.2.1 的效果,这可能是导致 H1avN2 在法国猪场流行和传播的原因之一。
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来源期刊
Veterinary Research
Veterinary Research 农林科学-兽医学
CiteScore
7.00
自引率
4.50%
发文量
92
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Veterinary Research is an open access journal that publishes high quality and novel research and review articles focusing on all aspects of infectious diseases and host-pathogen interaction in animals.
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