Heterogeneity of brain extracellular matrix and astrocyte activation

IF 2.9 3区 医学 Q2 NEUROSCIENCES
Rebecca E. Huber, Courtney Babbitt, Shelly R. Peyton
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

From the blood brain barrier to the synaptic space, astrocytes provide structural, metabolic, ionic, and extracellular matrix (ECM) support across the brain. Astrocytes include a vast array of subtypes, their phenotypes and functions varying both regionally and temporally. Astrocytes' metabolic and regulatory functions poise them to be quick and sensitive responders to injury and disease in the brain as revealed by single cell sequencing. Far less is known about the influence of the local healthy and aging microenvironments on these astrocyte activation states. In this forward-looking review, we describe the known relationship between astrocytes and their local microenvironment, the remodeling of the microenvironment during disease and injury, and postulate how they may drive astrocyte activation. We suggest technology development to better understand the dynamic diversity of astrocyte activation states, and how basal and activation states depend on the ECM microenvironment. A deeper understanding of astrocyte response to stimuli in ECM-specific contexts (brain region, age, and sex of individual), paves the way to revolutionize how the field considers astrocyte-ECM interactions in brain injury and disease and opens routes to return astrocytes to a healthy quiescent state.

Abstract Image

脑细胞外基质和星形胶质细胞活化的异质性
从血脑屏障到突触空间,星形胶质细胞为整个大脑提供结构、代谢、离子和细胞外基质(ECM)支持。星形胶质细胞包括大量亚型,其表型和功能因区域和时间而异。单细胞测序显示,星形胶质细胞的新陈代谢和调节功能使其能够对大脑损伤和疾病做出快速而敏感的反应。人们对当地健康和衰老微环境对这些星形胶质细胞活化状态的影响知之甚少。在这篇前瞻性综述中,我们描述了星形胶质细胞与其局部微环境之间的已知关系、疾病和损伤期间微环境的重塑,并推测了它们可能如何驱动星形胶质细胞的活化。我们建议开发技术,以更好地了解星形胶质细胞活化状态的动态多样性,以及基础和活化状态如何依赖于 ECM 微环境。更深入地了解星形胶质细胞在 ECM 特定环境(大脑区域、个体年龄和性别)中对刺激的反应,将为彻底改变该领域对脑损伤和疾病中星形胶质细胞-ECM 相互作用的看法铺平道路,并为星形胶质细胞恢复到健康的静止状态开辟道路。
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来源期刊
Journal of Neuroscience Research
Journal of Neuroscience Research 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
9.50
自引率
2.40%
发文量
145
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Neuroscience Research (JNR) publishes novel research results that will advance our understanding of the development, function and pathophysiology of the nervous system, using molecular, cellular, systems, and translational approaches. JNR covers both basic research and clinical aspects of neurology, neuropathology, psychiatry or psychology. The journal focuses on uncovering the intricacies of brain structure and function. Research published in JNR covers all species from invertebrates to humans, and the reports inform the readers about the function and organization of the nervous system, with emphasis on how disease modifies the function and organization.
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