Advances in Nanomaterials for Immunotherapeutic Improvement of Cancer Chemotherapy

IF 13 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Small Pub Date : 2024-05-21 DOI:10.1002/smll.202403024

Jie Liu, Bei Li, Li Li, Xin Ming, Zhi Ping Xu

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Abstract

Immuno-stimulative effect of chemotherapy (ISECT) is recognized as a potential alternative to conventional immunotherapies, however, the clinical application is constrained by its inefficiency. Metronomic chemotherapy, though designed to overcome these limitations, offers inconsistent results, with effectiveness varying based on cancer types, stages, and patient-specific factors. In parallel, a wealth of preclinical nanomaterials holds considerable promise for ISECT improvement by modulating the cancer-immunity cycle. In the area of biomedical nanomaterials, current literature reviews mainly concentrate on a specific category of nanomaterials and nanotechnological perspectives, while two essential issues are still lacking, i.e., a comprehensive analysis addressing the causes for ISECT inefficiency and a thorough summary elaborating the nanomaterials for ISECT improvement. This review thus aims to fill these gaps and catalyze further development in this field. For the first time, this review comprehensively discusses the causes of ISECT inefficiency. It then meticulously categorizes six types of nanomaterials for improving ISECT. Subsequently, practical strategies are further proposed for addressing inefficient ISECT, along with a detailed discussion on exemplary nanomedicines. Finally, this review provides insights into the challenges and perspectives for improving chemo-immunotherapy by innovations in nanomaterials.

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纳米材料在改善癌症化疗免疫治疗方面的进展。

化疗的免疫刺激效应（ISECT）被认为是传统免疫疗法的潜在替代疗法，但其临床应用却因效率低下而受到限制。计量化疗虽然旨在克服这些局限性，但效果并不一致，其有效性因癌症类型、分期和患者特异性因素而异。与此同时，大量临床前纳米材料有望通过调节癌症免疫循环来改善 ISECT。在生物医学纳米材料领域，目前的文献综述主要集中于特定类别的纳米材料和纳米技术视角，但仍缺乏两个基本问题，即针对 ISECT 低效原因的全面分析和对用于改善 ISECT 的纳米材料的深入总结。因此，本综述旨在填补这些空白，促进该领域的进一步发展。本综述首次全面讨论了 ISECT 效率低下的原因。然后，它对六种用于改善 ISECT 的纳米材料进行了细致的分类。随后，进一步提出了解决 ISECT 低效问题的实用策略，并详细讨论了纳米药物范例。最后，本综述深入探讨了通过创新纳米材料改善化疗免疫疗法所面临的挑战和前景。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Small 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

17.70

自引率

3.80%

发文量

1830

审稿时长

2.1 months

期刊介绍： Small serves as an exceptional platform for both experimental and theoretical studies in fundamental and applied interdisciplinary research at the nano- and microscale. The journal offers a compelling mix of peer-reviewed Research Articles, Reviews, Perspectives, and Comments. With a remarkable 2022 Journal Impact Factor of 13.3 (Journal Citation Reports from Clarivate Analytics, 2023), Small remains among the top multidisciplinary journals, covering a wide range of topics at the interface of materials science, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and biology. Small's readership includes biochemists, biologists, biomedical scientists, chemists, engineers, information technologists, materials scientists, physicists, and theoreticians alike.