TGF-β signaling molecules in Hydra: role of BMP and BMP inhibitors during pattern formation.

Lakshmi-Surekha Krishnapati, Surendra Ghaskadbi
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Abstract

Understanding the evolution of body plans has been one of the major areas of investigation in developmental and evolutionary biology. Cnidaria, the sister group to bilaterians, provides an opportunity to elucidate the origin and evolution of body axes. Hydra, a freshwater cnidarian, is a useful model to study signaling pathways governing pattern formation, which are conserved up to vertebrates including humans. The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway is one of the fundamental pathways that regulate axis formation and organogenesis during embryonic development. In this article, we discuss the TGF-β pathway members identified in Hydra along with other cnidarians with an emphasis on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and their inhibitors. TGF-β members, especially those involved in BMP signaling pathway, are mainly involved in maintaining the Organizer region and patterning the body axis in Hydra. Identification of other members of this pathway in Hydra and fellow cnidarians would provide insights into the evolution of body axes and pattern formation in more complex metazoans.

水螅中的 TGF-β 信号分子:BMP 和 BMP 抑制剂在模式形成过程中的作用。
了解身体结构的演变一直是发育生物学和进化生物学的主要研究领域之一。两栖类的姊妹类--刺胞动物为阐明体轴的起源和进化提供了机会。淡水刺胞动物水螅(Hydra)是研究支配模式形成的信号通路的有用模型。转化生长因子β(TGF-β)信号通路是胚胎发育过程中调节轴形成和器官形成的基本通路之一。在本文中,我们将讨论在水螅和其他刺胞动物中发现的 TGF-β 通路成员,重点是骨形态发生蛋白(BMPs)及其抑制剂。TGF-β 成员,尤其是那些参与 BMP 信号通路的成员,主要参与维持水螅的器官区和体轴模式化。鉴定水螅和其他刺胞动物中该通路的其他成员将有助于深入了解更复杂的后生动物的体轴和模式形成的进化过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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