Diesel Particulate Matter Permeation into Normal Human Skin and Intervention Using a Topical Ceramide Formulation.

IF 2.8 4区 医学 Q2 DERMATOLOGY
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI:10.1159/000539291
Kyong-Oh Shin, Kenya Ishida, Hisashi Mihara, Yerim Choi, Jae-Ho Park, Soo-Hyun Park, Jin-Taek Hwang, Joan S Wakefield, Yasuko Obata, Yoshikazu Uchida, Kyungho Park
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Introduction: Diesel particulate matter (DPM) emitted from diesel engines is a major source of air pollutants. DPM is composed of elemental carbon, which adsorbs organic compounds including toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The skin, as well as airways, is directly exposed to DPM, and association of atopic dermatitis, psoriasis flares, and premature skin aging with air pollutant levels has been documented. In skin, the permeation of DPM and DPM-adsorbed compounds is primarily blocked by the epidermal permeability barrier deployed in the stratum corneum. Depending upon the integrity of this barrier, certain amounts of DPM and DPM-adsorbed compounds can permeate into the skin. However, this permeation into human skin has not been completely elucidated.

Methods: We assessed the permeation of PAHs (adsorbed to DPM) into skin using ex vivo normal (barrier-competent) organ-cultured human skin after application of DPM. Two major PAHs, 2-methylnaphthalene and triphenylene, and a carcinogenic PAH, benzo(a)pyrene, all found in DPM, were measured in the epidermis and dermis using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, we investigated whether a topical formulation can attenuate the permeation of DPM into skin.

Results: 2-Methylnaphthalene, triphenylene, and benzo(a)pyrene were recovered from the epidermis. Although these PAHs were also detected in the dermis after DPM application, these PAH levels were significantly lower than those found in the epidermis. We also demonstrated that a topical formulation that has the ability to form more uniform membrane structures can significantly suppress the permeation of PAHs adsorbed to DPM into the skin.

Conclusion: Toxic compounds adsorbed by DPM can permeate even barrier-competent skin. Hence, barrier-compromised skin, such as in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and xerosis, is even more vulnerable to air pollutants. A properly formulated topical mixture that forms certain membrane structures on the skin surface can effectively prevent permeation of exogenous substances, including DPM, into skin.

柴油微粒物质向正常人体皮肤的渗透以及使用局部神经酰胺配方进行干预。
导言:柴油发动机排放的柴油微粒物质(DPM)是空气污染物的主要来源。DPM 由元素碳组成,能吸附有机化合物,包括有毒的多环芳烃(PAH)。皮肤和呼吸道都会直接接触到 DPM,特应性皮炎、牛皮癣复发和皮肤过早老化与空气污染物水平之间的联系已被证实。在皮肤中,DPM 和 DPM 吸附化合物的渗透主要受到角质层中表皮渗透屏障的阻挡。视该屏障的完整性而定,一定量的二苯基甲烷和二苯基甲烷吸附化合物可渗透到皮肤中。然而,这种向人体皮肤的渗透尚未完全阐明:方法:我们使用体内外正常(具有屏障功能)器官培养的人体皮肤,评估了多环芳烃(吸附在 DPM 上)在涂抹 DPM 后向皮肤的渗透情况。使用液相色谱电喷雾串联质谱法测量了表皮和真皮中的两种主要多环芳烃(2-甲基萘和三苯乙烯)以及一种致癌多环芳烃(PAH)--苯并(a)芘,所有这些物质都存在于 DPM 中。此外,我们还研究了外用制剂是否可以减少二苯基甲烷对皮肤的渗透。结果:从表皮中回收了 2-甲基萘、三苯乙烯和苯并(a)芘。虽然在施用二苯基甲烷后也在真皮中检测到了这些多环芳烃,但这些多环芳烃的含量明显低于表皮中的含量。我们还证明,能够形成更均匀膜结构的外用制剂可以大大抑制吸附在 DPM 上的 PAH 向皮肤的渗透:结论:DPM 吸附的有毒化合物甚至可以渗透到屏障功能良好的皮肤中。因此,屏障功能受损的皮肤(如特应性皮炎、牛皮癣和干癣)更容易受到空气污染物的伤害。适当配制的局部混合物可在皮肤表面形成某些膜结构,从而有效防止外源性物质(包括二苯基甲烷)渗入皮肤。
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来源期刊
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology 医学-皮肤病学
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
7.40%
发文量
23
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: In the past decade research into skin pharmacology has rapidly developed with new and promising drugs and therapeutic concepts being introduced regularly. Recently, the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery in dermatology and cosmetology has become a topic of intensive research, yielding remarkable and in part surprising results. Another topic of current research is the use of tissue tolerable plasma in wound treatment. Stimulating not only wound healing processes but also the penetration of topically applied substances into the skin, this novel technique is expected to deliver very interesting results.
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