Quantitative evaluation of morphometric parameters of drainage system in the forelimb and backlimb of the Asmari Anticline, Zagros, Iran

IF 2.6 2区 地球科学 Q2 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Shahram Bahrami , Mohsen Ehteshami-Moinabadi , Maryam Souri Tuyserkani
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Quantification of drainage basins and their networks on fold limbs can lead to a better understanding of spatial relationship between active tectonics and drainage variations. This study aims to evaluate the effect of vertical fold growth on the morphometry of drainage basins and their related networks formed in the Asmari Anticline in the Zagros Fold-Thrust belt. This belt is one of the youngest continental collision zones hosting one of the largest petroleum provinces in the world so that giant oil fields are found in its anticlines. We selected the Asmari Anticline due to the variability of drainage basins and stream networks across the fold's forelimb and backlimb. The basin area (Ba), topographic slope (TS), hypsometric integral (HI), basin shape (Bs), drainage basin orientation (DBO), crescentness index (CI), sinuosity of the main drainage (Smd), spacing ratio (R), and fault density (FD) for 68 drainage basins were calculated. Also, the morphometric characteristics of drainage networks including drainage density (Dd), drainage density of 1st-order streams (Dd1), and drainage frequency (Fs) were analyzed for each limb. Results show that southwestern limb (forelimb) is characterized by high topographic and dip slope, large and relatively circular basins, with high values of CI, Smd and DBO, implying pronounced lateral and headward erosion. Conversely, the smaller and elongated basins, with higher values of hypsometric integral and spacing ratio in the northeastern limb, show lower erosion of backlimb. Higher Dd, Dd1, and Fs values in the southwestern limb (9.54, 6.39, and 39.92 respectively) than the northeastern limb (8.96, 5.69, and 28.33 respectively), suggest higher rates of forelimb erosion, especially where dendritic drainage pattern is developed. This study implies that the fold's divide migration towards NE during fold growth has played a role in the variations of the morphometric parameters in the southwestern and northeastern limbs of the Asmari Anticline. Also, faults and fractures have important effects on the mentioned morphometric parameters. Higher density of faults dominantly with NW-SE trend in the SW limb, especially where trellis drainage pattern is developed, has also facilitated the lateral erosion of the steeply dipping forelimb, resulting in the enlargement of basins with higher values of Ba, CI, DBO, S (spacing of adjacent basins outlets), and Smd.

伊朗扎格罗斯山脉阿斯马拉地壳前缘和后缘排水系统形态参数的定量评估
对褶皱边缘上的排水盆地及其网络进行量化,有助于更好地理解活动构造与排水变化之间的空间关系。本研究旨在评估垂直褶皱增长对扎格罗斯褶皱-推力带阿斯马拉褶皱中形成的排水盆地及其相关网络形态的影响。该带是最年轻的大陆碰撞带之一,拥有世界上最大的石油产区之一,因此在其反褶中发现了巨大的油田。由于褶皱前缘和后缘的排水盆地和溪流网络的多变性,我们选择了阿斯玛里褶皱。我们计算了 68 个排水盆地的盆地面积 (Ba)、地形坡度 (TS)、吸水率积分 (HI)、盆地形状 (Bs)、排水盆地方位 (DBO)、新月指数 (CI)、主排水蜿蜒度 (Smd)、间距比 (R) 和断层密度 (FD)。此外,还分析了各肢体的排水网形态特征,包括排水密度(Dd)、一阶溪流排水密度(Dd1)和排水频率(Fs)。结果表明,西南肢(前肢)的特点是地形和倾角坡度大,盆地大且相对环形,CI、Smd 和 DBO 值高,意味着明显的侧向和迎面侵蚀。相反,东北边缘的盆地较小且细长,其湿度积分和间距比值较高,显示出较低的后缘侵蚀作用。西南褶皱边缘的 Dd、Dd1 和 Fs 值(分别为 9.54、6.39 和 39.92)高于东北褶皱边缘(分别为 8.96、5.69 和 28.33),表明前肢侵蚀率较高,特别是在树枝状排水模式发达的地方。这项研究表明,在褶皱的生长过程中,褶皱的分界向东北方向迁移对阿斯玛里褶皱西南缘和东北缘形态计量参数的变化起到了一定的作用。此外,断层和断裂对上述形态参数也有重要影响。在西南肢,特别是在发育有棚架排水模式的地方,主要呈西北-东南走向的断层密度较高,这也促进了陡倾前肢的横向侵蚀,导致盆地扩大,Ba、CI、DBO、S(相邻盆地出口间距)和 Smd 的值较高。
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来源期刊
Journal of Structural Geology
Journal of Structural Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
6.00
自引率
19.40%
发文量
192
审稿时长
15.7 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Structural Geology publishes process-oriented investigations about structural geology using appropriate combinations of analog and digital field data, seismic reflection data, satellite-derived data, geometric analysis, kinematic analysis, laboratory experiments, computer visualizations, and analogue or numerical modelling on all scales. Contributions are encouraged to draw perspectives from rheology, rock mechanics, geophysics,metamorphism, sedimentology, petroleum geology, economic geology, geodynamics, planetary geology, tectonics and neotectonics to provide a more powerful understanding of deformation processes and systems. Given the visual nature of the discipline, supplementary materials that portray the data and analysis in 3-D or quasi 3-D manners, including the use of videos, and/or graphical abstracts can significantly strengthen the impact of contributions.
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