[Comparison of the latest cancer statistics, cancer epidemic trends and determinants between China and the United States].

Q3 Medicine
Y T Ji, S W Liu, Y M Zhang, H Y Duan, X M Liu, Z W Feng, J J Li, Z Y Lyu, Y B Huang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective: To provide supports for the cancer prevention and control strategies in China by comparing the disease burden, epidemic trends, 5-year relative survival rate and major determinants of common cancers between China and the United States. Methods: A descriptive secondary analysis was conducted using data extracted from the GLOBOCAN database, the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, Global Burden of disease 2019 database, and previous studies. The main indicators included the cases of malignant tumors in different sites, the cases of deaths, the age-standardized incidence (world standard incidence) and mortality (world standard mortality), the 5-year relative survival rate, and population attributable fraction (PAF). Results: In 2022, an estimated 4.825 million new cases and 2.574 million deaths of malignant neoplasms in China. The world standard incidence rate (201.6/100 000) in China was lower than that in the United States (367.0/100 000), and the world standard mortality rate (96.5/100 000) was higher than that in the United States (82.3/100 000). Lung cancer ranked first in the disease burden of malignant tumors in China, the new cases and deaths accounted for 22.0% and 28.5% of all malignant tumors, respectively. The top three malignant tumors in China were breast cancer (11.5%), prostate cancer (9.7%) and lung cancer (9.5%), which were also among the top five causes of death. However, the second to fifth leading causes of death from malignant tumors in China were digestive system tumors (liver cancer 12.3%, stomach cancer 10.1%, colorectal cancer 9.3%, and esophageal cancer 7.3%). From 2000 to 2018, the world standard incidence of malignant tumors showed an increasing trend and the world standard mortality of malignant tumors showed a decreasing trend in China, while the world standard incidence and mortality of malignant tumors in the United States showed a significant decreasing trend after 2000. The incidence of breast cancer, colorectal cancer and thyroid cancer increased rapidly in China, while the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer, liver cancer and esophageal cancer decreased, but they still had a heavy disease burden. From 2003 to 2015, the overall 5-year relative survival rate of malignant tumors increased from 30.9% to 40.5% in China. However, with the exception of esophageal cancer, the 5-year relative survival rates of other major malignant tumors were lower than those in the United States. In 2019, the PAF of malignant tumors death attributable to potential modifiable risk factors was 48.3% in China, which was similar to the United States (49.8%). Of these, smoking was the most important attributable risk factor, and the PAF was more than 30% both in China and the United States. In addition, about 18.8% of malignant tumors were caused by preventable chronic infections, such as hepatitis B virus and Helicobacter pylori, while less than 4% of malignant tumors in the United States were caused by infection. Conclusions: China has made great progress in the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors, but it still faces a serious disease burden. The cancer spectrum is changing from developing countries to developed countries. We should pay attention to modifiable factors, take comprehensive measures, and prevent cancer scientifically.

[中美两国最新癌症统计数据、癌症流行趋势及决定因素比较]。
目的:通过比较中美两国常见癌症的疾病负担、流行趋势、5 年相对生存率和主要决定因素,为中国的癌症防控策略提供支持。研究方法利用从 GLOBOCAN 数据库、监测、流行病学和最终结果数据库、2019 年全球疾病负担数据库和以往研究中提取的数据进行描述性二次分析。主要指标包括不同部位的恶性肿瘤病例数、死亡病例数、年龄标准化发病率(世界标准发病率)和死亡率(世界标准死亡率)、5年相对生存率和人口可归因分数(PAF)。结果:2022 年,中国恶性肿瘤新发病例约为 482.5 万例,死亡病例约为 257.4 万例。中国的世界标准发病率(201.6/10 万)低于美国(367.0/10 万),世界标准死亡率(96.5/10 万)高于美国(82.3/10 万)。肺癌在中国恶性肿瘤疾病负担中排名第一,新发病例和死亡病例分别占所有恶性肿瘤的22.0%和28.5%。中国排名前三位的恶性肿瘤分别是乳腺癌(11.5%)、前列腺癌(9.7%)和肺癌(9.5%),它们也是排名前五位的死因。然而,中国恶性肿瘤的第二至第五位死因是消化系统肿瘤(肝癌12.3%、胃癌10.1%、结直肠癌9.3%、食管癌7.3%)。从2000年到2018年,中国恶性肿瘤的世界标准发病率呈上升趋势,恶性肿瘤的世界标准死亡率呈下降趋势,而美国恶性肿瘤的世界标准发病率和死亡率在2000年后呈明显下降趋势。中国乳腺癌、结直肠癌和甲状腺癌的发病率上升较快,胃癌、肝癌和食管癌的发病率和死亡率有所下降,但疾病负担仍然较重。从2003年到2015年,中国恶性肿瘤总体5年相对生存率从30.9%上升到40.5%。但除食管癌外,其他主要恶性肿瘤的5年相对生存率均低于美国。2019年,中国可归因于潜在可改变风险因素的恶性肿瘤死亡PAF为48.3%,与美国(49.8%)相似。其中,吸烟是最重要的可归因风险因素,中国和美国的PAF均超过30%。此外,约18.8%的恶性肿瘤是由可预防的慢性感染引起的,如乙型肝炎病毒和幽门螺旋杆菌,而美国只有不到4%的恶性肿瘤是由感染引起的。结论:中国在恶性肿瘤的预防和治疗方面取得了巨大进步,但仍面临着严重的疾病负担。癌症谱正在从发展中国家向发达国家转变。我们应重视可改变因素,采取综合措施,科学防癌。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
中华肿瘤杂志
中华肿瘤杂志 Medicine-Medicine (all)
CiteScore
1.40
自引率
0.00%
发文量
10433
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