Does gender of firm ownership matter? Female entrepreneurs and the gender pay gap

IF 6.1 2区 经济学
Alexander S. Kritikos, Mika Maliranta, Veera Nippala, Satu Nurmi
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Abstract

We examine how the gender of business owners is related to the wages paid to female relative to male employees working in their firms. Using Finnish register data and employing firm fixed effects, we find that the gender pay gap is—starting from a gender pay gap of 11 to 12%—two to three percentage points lower for hourly wages in female-owned firms than in male-owned firms. Results are robust to how the wage is measured, as well as to various further robustness checks. More importantly, we find substantial differences between industries. While, for instance, in the manufacturing sector, the gender of the owner plays no role in the gender pay gap, in several service sector industries, like ICT or business services, no or a negligible gender pay gap can be found, but only when firms are led by female business owners. Businesses with male ownership maintain a gender pay gap of around 10% also in the latter industries. With increasing firm size, the influence of the gender of the owner, however, fades. In large firms, it seems that others—firm managers—determine wages and no differences in the pay gap are observed between male- and female-owned firms.

Abstract Image

公司所有权的性别是否重要?女企业家和男女薪酬差距
我们研究了企业主的性别与支付给在其公司工作的女性雇员和男性雇员的工资之间的关系。利用芬兰的登记数据和企业固定效应,我们发现,从11%到12%的性别薪酬差距开始,女性所有企业的小时工资比男性所有企业的小时工资低2到3个百分点。结果对工资的衡量方式以及各种进一步的稳健性检验都是稳健的。更重要的是,我们发现不同行业之间存在巨大差异。例如,在制造业,所有者的性别对男女薪酬差距没有影响,而在一些服务业,如信息和通信技术或商业服务,则没有或只有微不足道的男女薪酬差距,但只有当企业由女性所有者领导时才会出现这种情况。在后一种行业中,由男性所有的企业的男女薪酬差距也保持在 10%左右。然而,随着企业规模的扩大,企业主性别的影响也在减弱。在大型企业中,工资似乎由其他人--企业管理者--决定,男性和女性所有的企业在薪酬差距方面没有差异。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
6.60%
发文量
50
期刊介绍: The Journal of Population Economics is an international quarterly that publishes original theoretical and applied research in all areas of population economics. Micro-level topics examine individual, household or family behavior, including household formation, marriage, divorce, fertility choices, education, labor supply, migration, health, risky behavior and aging. Macro-level investigations may address such issues as economic growth with exogenous or endogenous population evolution, population policy, savings and pensions, social security, housing, and health care. The journal also features research into economic approaches to human biology, the relationship between population dynamics and public choice, and the impact of population on the distribution of income and wealth. Lastly, readers will find papers dealing with policy issues and development problems that are relevant to population issues.The journal is published in collaboration with POP at UNU-MERIT, the Global Labor Organization (GLO) and the European Society for Population Economics (ESPE).Officially cited as: J Popul Econ Factor (RePEc): 13.576 (July 2018) Rank 69 of 2102 journals listed in RePEc
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