Andrea Lundberg , Anna-Lena Hillebrecht , Murali Srinivasan
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective
We systematically reviewed different waiting room designs and interventions during the waiting time, before medical or dental treatment. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale and the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool.
Data
Studies reporting on different interventions in medical waiting areas and parameters like heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure DBP), respiratory rate (RR) and/or anxiety [state trait anxiety inventory (STAI), visual analogue scale (VAS)] and mood [multi-dimensional mood state questionnaire (MDBF)] were included. Two authors independently searched and extracted records.
Sources
Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Google Scholar) were screened, and hand searches and cross-referencing performed.
Study selection
81 articles were included for qualitative (n=53) and quantitative (n=28) analyses. The meta-analysis revealed significant reduction in the patient’s HR when exposed to aquariums for 20 minutes (p=0.02), animal/bird/aquarium videos (p=0.001). BP was significantly reduced by listening to music for <20 minutes (SBP: p=0.011; DBP: p=0.029). Overall subjective assessments revealed a significant reduction (p<0.001) in anxiety by music and aroma therapy (>20 minutes: p<0.001; <20 minutes: p=0.014).
Conclusions
Optimal exposure time to aquariums, animal/bird/aquarium videos, aromatherapy, or listening to music may have a positive impact on the pre-treatment stress and anxiety of patients waiting to undergo a medical procedure.
Clinical significance
Music, aroma and aquarium interventions in waiting areas can be recommended for clinical practice. The side effect profile is low and all three interventions show an anxiety-reducing effect, when waiting times are 20 minutes and more. Dentists could use the waiting area to reduce stress and anxiety in their patients.
期刊介绍：
Advances in Integrative Medicine (AIMED) is an international peer-reviewed, evidence-based research and review journal that is multi-disciplinary within the fields of Integrative and Complementary Medicine. The journal focuses on rigorous quantitative and qualitative research including systematic reviews, clinical trials and surveys, whilst also welcoming medical hypotheses and clinically-relevant articles and case studies disclosing practical learning tools for the consulting practitioner. By promoting research and practice excellence in the field, and cross collaboration between relevant practitioner groups and associations, the journal aims to advance the practice of IM, identify areas for future research, and improve patient health outcomes. International networking is encouraged through clinical innovation, the establishment of best practice and by providing opportunities for cooperation between organisations and communities.
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