EFFECTIVENESS OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN REDUCING POVERTY AMONG FISH FARMERS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF ONDO STATE, NIGERIA

Oa Akinboye
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Abstract

Agricultural development is the foundation for economic growth and provides a primary means of food security, employment generation, and poverty reduction for Nigerians. These are also the very reasons motivating successive incumbent governments of Nigeria to initiate one type of agricultural intervention program or another to generate employment, attain food security, and aid in poverty reduction. The study assesses the effectiveness of agricultural extension services in reducing poverty among fish farmers in the coastal region of Ondo State, Nigeria. A well-structured interview schedule was used to collect data from the respondents and simple random sampling technique was used in selecting 80 respondents. Data collected was analyzed using frequency counts and percentage while Chi-square and Pearson product moment correlation was used for testing the hypotheses. Results of the socioeconomic characteristics show that more than half (58.7%) of the respondents were adults, male (68.7%), married (78.8%), literate (92.5%), having household size of <7 members (92.5%), earned an annual income of <#1,000,000 (73.7%), and having fish farming experience of <5 years (41.2%). Further analysis shows that catfish is mostly farmed by the respondents in the study area (72.5%), belong to one social group or the other (52.5%), and have access to agricultural extension agents (100%). Similarly, the study findings shows that all the respondents (100%) have access to all the different types of services rendered and the different types of agricultural extension services were rendered to the fish farmers which include technology transfer (93%), information and support services (90%), food safety and quality (89%), marketing and distribution (75%), sustainable fisheries (88%), credit and finance (96%), safety measures (100%), training to fish farmers (97%), input supply (88%), and technical expertise (92%). Furthermore, the types of agricultural extension services utilized by the fish farmers include information and support services (100%), food safety and quality (100%), credit and finance (100%), safety measures (100%), input supply (85%), and technical expertise (100%). Types of constraints militating effective utilization of agricultural extension service rendered identified by the fish farmers include weak linkages of research and training centers with extension workers and users (82%), lack of properly qualified/trained extension personal (100%), inadequate number of grass root workers (98%), lack of clear extension strategies (85%), emphasis on welfare than development (88%), much emphasis on technology than its transfer to end users (75%), inadequate infrastructure facilities (80%), and of the respondents and lack of incentives for field staff (100%). There was positive and significant relationships between respondents’ age (r=0.532; p≤0.05), number of years spent schooling (r=0.589; p≤0.05), household size (r=0.117; p≤0.05), annual income (r=0.515; p≤0.05), fish farming experience, (r=0.146; p≤0.05), and effectiveness of agricultural extension services in reducing poverty. The study recommended that more qualified/trained extension personnel should be employed and adequate incentives should be made available to the field staff.
农业推广服务在减少尼日利亚恩多州沿海地区养鱼户贫困方面的成效
农业发展是经济增长的基础,也是尼日利亚人获得粮食安全、创造就业机会和减少贫困的主要手段。这些也是促使尼日利亚历届现任政府启动这样或那样的农业干预计划以创造就业、实现粮食安全和帮助减贫的根本原因。本研究评估了农业推广服务在减少尼日利亚翁多州沿海地区养鱼户贫困方面的有效性。研究采用了结构合理的访谈表来收集受访者的数据,并使用简单随机抽样技术选取了 80 名受访者。收集到的数据使用频率计数和百分比进行分析,同时使用卡方和皮尔逊积矩相关性对假设进行检验。社会经济特征的结果显示,超过半数(58.7%)的受访者为成年人,男性(68.7%),已婚(78.8%),识字(92.5%),家庭人口小于 7 人(92.5%),年收入小于 1,000,000 美元(73.7%),养鱼经验小于 5 年(41.2%)。进一步的分析表明,鲶鱼主要由研究地区的受访者养殖(72.5%),属于一个或另一个社会群体(52.5%),有机会接触农业推广人员(100%)。同样,研究结果表明,所有受访者(100%)都有机会获得所有不同类型的服务,并向养鱼户提供了不同类型的农业推广服务,包括技术转让(93%)、信息和支持服务(90%)、食品安全和质量(89%)、营销和分销(75%)、可持续渔业(88%)、信贷和融资(96%)、安全措施(100%)、养鱼户培训(97%)、投入品供应(88%)和专业技术(92%)。此外,养鱼户利用的农业推广服务类型包括信息和支持服务(100%)、食品安全和质量(100%)、信贷和融资(100%)、安全措施(100%)、投入品供应(85%)和专业技术(100%)。养殖渔民指出的阻碍有效利用农业推广服务的制约因素包括:研究和培训中心与推广人员和用户之间的联系薄弱(82%)、缺乏合格/训练有素的推广人员(100%)、基层工作人员数量不足(98%)、缺乏明确的推广战略(85%)、重福利轻发展(88%)、重技术轻向最终用户转让(75%)、基础设施不足(80%)以及受访者和现场工作人员缺乏激励措施(100%)。受访者的年龄(r=0.532;p≤0.05)、受教育年限(r=0.589;p≤0.05)、家庭规模(r=0.117;p≤0.05)、年收入(r=0.515;p≤0.05)、养鱼经验(r=0.146;p≤0.05)与农业技术推广服务在减贫方面的效果之间存在着积极而重要的关系。研究建议聘用更多合格/训练有素的推广人员,并为实地工作人员提供适当的激励措施。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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