Heavy metals in surface sediments of Lake Patria wetland, southern Italy, and environmental risk

IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS
Michele Arienzo , Sergio Bravi , Maria Toscanesi , Carlo Donadio , Giuseppe De Simone , Corrado Stanislao , Luciano Ferrara , Vincenzo Allocca , Antonella Giarra , Marco Trifuoggi
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Abstract

The study investigated the presence of heavy metals in the surface sediments of one of the most important wetlands in south Italy, Lake Patria, and the related environmental risk. Surface sediments were analyzed for particle size and shape, total organic carbon and As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn levels. Mean total organic carbon was high, 3.1 %, with a peak of 5.9 % near the input of freshwater channel whereas sediments appeared to be mainly composed of sand and/or gravel and significantly polluted by metals especially Cr, Cu and Zn. Data from heavy metals spatial distribution, Pearson correlation, principal component analysis and geochemical indices suggested dominant anthropogenic source for most metals. Mean Igeo values of Cr, Cu and Ni were in the range of 4.6–7.3 of strongly polluted class while their relative mean enrichment factors were largely exceeding the threshold of the anthropic pollution, 1.5. A very high pollution situation was also outlined when considering the Cf indices, with Cr, Cu and Ni possessing mean values from an order of magnitude of ten to hundred times higher the very high polluted class, 6 ≤ Cf. On the overall, the integrated indices of modified contamination degree, pollution load and ecological risk revealed a serious pollution scenario. The mean comprehensive ecological hazard index was fivefold the most critical limit, ≥600, in almost all the lagoon and especially in the locations close to channel.

意大利南部帕提亚湖湿地表层沉积物中的重金属与环境风险
该研究调查了意大利南部最重要的湿地之一--帕特里亚湖表层沉积物中重金属的存在情况以及相关的环境风险。对表层沉积物的粒度和形状、总有机碳以及砷、镉、铬、铜、铁、汞、镍、铅和锌的含量进行了分析。平均总有机碳含量较高,为 3.1%,在淡水河道入口附近达到 5.9%的峰值,而沉积物似乎主要由沙子和/或砾石组成,并受到严重的金属污染,尤其是铬、铜和锌。重金属空间分布、皮尔逊相关性、主成分分析和地球化学指数数据表明,大多数金属主要来自人为污染。铬、铜和镍的平均 Igeo 值在 4.6-7.3 之间,属于强污染级别,而它们的相对平均富集因子则大大超过了人为污染的临界值 1.5。从 Cf 指数来看,Cr、Cu 和 Ni 的平均值比极重度污染级别(6≤Cf)高出十倍到百倍不等,呈现出极重度污染态势。几乎所有泻湖,特别是靠近航道的地点,平均综合生态危害指数是最临界值(≥600)的五倍。
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来源期刊
Journal of Geochemical Exploration
Journal of Geochemical Exploration 地学-地球化学与地球物理
CiteScore
7.40
自引率
7.70%
发文量
148
审稿时长
8.1 months
期刊介绍: Journal of Geochemical Exploration is mostly dedicated to publication of original studies in exploration and environmental geochemistry and related topics. Contributions considered of prevalent interest for the journal include researches based on the application of innovative methods to: define the genesis and the evolution of mineral deposits including transfer of elements in large-scale mineralized areas. analyze complex systems at the boundaries between bio-geochemistry, metal transport and mineral accumulation. evaluate effects of historical mining activities on the surface environment. trace pollutant sources and define their fate and transport models in the near-surface and surface environments involving solid, fluid and aerial matrices. assess and quantify natural and technogenic radioactivity in the environment. determine geochemical anomalies and set baseline reference values using compositional data analysis, multivariate statistics and geo-spatial analysis. assess the impacts of anthropogenic contamination on ecosystems and human health at local and regional scale to prioritize and classify risks through deterministic and stochastic approaches. Papers dedicated to the presentation of newly developed methods in analytical geochemistry to be applied in the field or in laboratory are also within the topics of interest for the journal.
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