BIOLOGY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR: ITS ESSENTIAL ASPECTS

Bal Krishan, Brinder Kumar
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Abstract

In terms of Biology humans are just another species on this planet, but when it comes to explaining the biology of the context of Human behavior, it really becomes very tough. Humans have the physiology and anatomy similar to that of a cave man, yet the level of our intelligence has far evolved in comparison to the extent that the cave man anatomy and physiology becomes inadequate to serve to the needs of certain aspects of human intelligence of modern times which essentially functions beyond the level of just survival (for example in animals), and is capable of performing such advanced functions as retaining a huge past memory and can anticipate a future situation. This in many ways has made us far superior to the animal world, yet many of us get messed up in handling our intelligence properly and either develop chronic stress, indulge in violence or mishandle the adolescence related issues of our teenagers. Biologically speaking human behavior is determined largely by how our brains are shaped by developmental and evolutionary processes, at the heart of which lies the genetic and epigenetic changes and environmental impact. Because at any critical moment brains are to decide about any bit of a behavior, therefore the knowledge of underlying brain anatomy and physiology is important. This article is about explaining how biology makes a sense to human behavior and is essentially focused on its three important aspects, i.e. adolescence, chronic stress and violence, which are described in detail in the following paragraphs. KEYWORDS: Amygdala, Brain Reward System, Dopamine, Endocrinology, Homeostasis, Neuropsychology, Prefrontal Cortex. Striatum.
人类行为生物学:其基本方面
就生物学而言,人类只是这个星球上的另一个物种,但要解释人类行为的生物学背景,确实变得非常困难。人类的生理和解剖结构类似于山顶洞人,但我们的智力水平却远远超过了山顶洞人,以至于山顶洞人的解剖和生理结构无法满足现代人类智力某些方面的需要。这在许多方面使我们远远优于动物世界,然而我们中的许多人却在正确处理我们的智慧方面出现了混乱,要么产生慢性压力,要么沉溺于暴力,要么处理不当与青少年青春期有关的问题。从生物学角度讲,人类的行为在很大程度上是由大脑的发育和进化过程决定的,其核心是基因和表观遗传学的变化以及环境的影响。因为在任何关键时刻,大脑都要决定行为的任何一点,所以大脑解剖学和生理学的基础知识非常重要。本文旨在解释生物学如何对人类行为产生影响,主要集中在三个重要方面,即青春期、慢性压力和暴力,下文将对此进行详细介绍。关键词:杏仁核、大脑奖赏系统、多巴胺、内分泌学、平衡、神经心理学、前额叶皮质。纹状体
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