Adaptability parameters of the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ of spring barley in the conditions of the Ryazan region

Abstract

The purpose of the current work was to study the ecological adaptability and stability of the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ of spring barley varieties of different ecological and geographical origins over three years of research in the conditions of the Ryazan region. To analyze and study this issue 26 varieties of the collection nursery were studied on the fields of the laboratory of breeding and primary seed production of ISA, a branch of the FSBI FRAEC VIM, located in the forest-steppe agroclimatic zone of the Ryazan region in 2021–2023. To calculate the adaptability parameters, there were used the following coefficients and indicators: adaptability coefficient (AC), yield range (d, %), homeostatic index (Homi), variety yield stability level index (VISLi, %), environmental adaptability (a linear regression coefficient) (bi), stability of the trait (σd2), index of environmental conditions (Ij), stability factor (SF), genetic flexibility of the variety (Ymin+Ymax/2), stress resistance (Ymin–Ymax) and coefficient of responsiveness to favorable growing conditions (Cr), calculated using appropriate methods. The study has established that the dominant influence (66.4 %) on the variability of the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ of the studied varieties is made by the factor “year” (growth and development conditions). A significant contribution to the formation of the indicator “weight of 1000 grains” is made by the meteorological conditions of the grain filling phase (July) – HTC (r = +0.722 p = 0.01) and the amount of precipitation (r = +0.637, p = 0.01). 80.8 % of the 26 varieties studied belonged to the large-grain group (1000-grain weight was more than 50.0 g), the average varietal yield of the varieties was quite high with 6.84 t/ha. Based on the principle of ranking the obtained indicators of adaptability of the trait ‘1000-grain weight’ and its components, there were identified the varieties ‘Dobry’, ‘Magutny’ (Republic of Belarus) and ‘Lenetah’ (USA), which took, respectively, first, second and third places in the rating scale. It can be recommended to involve these varieties in a breeding crossbreeding program to increase grain size.