The effect of cultivation technologies on weed infestation and productivity of peas

Grain Economy of Russia Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI:10.31367/2079-8725-2024-91-2-98-105

A. N. Morozov, D. Dubovik, E. Dubovik, A. Shumakov

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Abstract

The current paper has presented the study results obtained in 2020–2023, in the stationary field trial of the FSBSI “KurskFARC”. The purpose of the study was to identify and evaluate the impact of technologies with different levels of soil tillage minimization on weed infestation, the formation of yield structure elements and pea productivity in the conditions of the CBR. There have been studied four pea cultivation technologies, such as traditional (plowing at 20–22 cm, main application of N15P40K40 + top dressing with N34); differentiated (chiseling by 20–22 cm + disking by 8–10 cm, main application N15P40K40 + top dressing with N34); minimal (discing up to 8 cm, main application N15P40K40 + top dressing with N34); direct sowing (no-tillage, main application N5P14K14 + pre-sowing N10P26K26 + top dressing with N34). There has been established the advantage of traditional technology in reducing weed infestation, and direct sowing in the formation of yield structure elements, indicators of grain quality and pea productivity. The traditional pea cultivation technology reduced the total number of weeds by 1.9–2.0 times and their dry weight by 1.2–1.8 times during the period critical for the growth and development of the crop, and by 2.1–2.5 and 1.3–2.0 times before harvesting. The highest indicators of plant density for harvesting, the mean number of grains per plant and unit area, and protein percentage in grain were identified with direct sowing, which made it possible to obtain the maximum pea productivity (2.31 t/ha) and protein yield with the harvest (460.6 kg/ha). The use of traditional, differentiated, and minimal technologies contributed to a reduction of plant density before harvesting by 5.4–9.3 %, the mean number of grains per 1 m2 by 4.2–22.6 % and per plant by 0.6–18. 6 %, protein percentage in grain by 0.25–0.90 %, which led to a productivity decrease by 4.3–10.8 %, protein yield per hectare by 5.3–12.6 %.

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栽培技术对豌豆杂草侵扰和产量的影响

本文介绍了 2020-2023 年在库尔斯克农业研究中心（FSBSI）"KurskFARC "固定田间试验中取得的研究成果。研究的目的是确定和评估在 CBR 条件下不同土壤耕作最小化水平的技术对杂草侵扰、产量结构要素的形成和豌豆产量的影响。研究了四种豌豆栽培技术，如传统的（耕作 20-22 厘米，主要施用 N15P40K40 + N34 表层敷料）；差异化的（凿 20-22 厘米+耙 8-10 厘米，主要施用 N15P40K40 + N34 表层敷料）；微耕（盘耕最多 8 厘米，主要施用 N15P40K40+ 顶部施用 N34）；直接播种（免耕，主要施用 N5P14K14+ 播前施用 N10P26K26+ 顶部施用 N34）。传统技术在减少杂草侵扰方面的优势和直接播种在形成产量结构要素、谷物质量指标和豌豆产量方面的优势已经得到证实。在作物生长发育的关键时期，传统豌豆栽培技术可使杂草总数减少 1.9-2.0 倍，干重减少 1.2-1.8 倍，收获前分别减少 2.1-2.5 倍和 1.3-2.0 倍。直接播种的收获植株密度、每株和单位面积的平均谷粒数以及谷粒中蛋白质的百分比等指标最高，因此豌豆产量（2.31 吨/公顷）和收获蛋白质产量（460.6 千克/公顷）最高。传统技术、差异化技术和最低限度技术的使用使收获前的植株密度降低了 5.4-9.3%，每 1 平方米的平均谷粒数降低了 4.2-22.6%，每株降低了 0.6-18.6%，谷粒中的蛋白质百分比降低了 0.5-0.6%。6 %，谷物中蛋白质的百分比降低了 0.25-0.90 %，这导致生产率降低了 4.3-10.8 %，每公顷蛋白质产量降低了 5.3-12.6 %。

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Grain Economy of Russia

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