Mitchell E. Baum, John E. Sawyer, Michael J. Castellano, Sotirios V. Archontoulis
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Ranking the contribution of genotype, environment, and management (G × E × M) on maize's economic optimum nitrogen fertilizer rate (EONR) variability could improve understanding and predictability of EONR. We performed a simulation experiment using the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator model with the objectives to (1) rank the effects of 24 individual G × E × M factors on the magnitude and interannual variability of the EONR across the US Midwest and (2) investigate the impact of G × M factors on the EONR variability under present and future climate scenarios. Results indicate that genetics (27%), management (31%), and environmental conditions (41%) each influence the EONR variability. Within these broad categories, the top three individual factors impacting the EONR were interannual weather variability, crop radiation use efficiency, and the soil inorganic N carryover from the previous year. The G × E × M factors influenced the yield response to N fertilizer in different ways. Soil-related factors (e.g., organic matter and residual nitrate) influenced grain yields at the low N rates, while management factors (e.g., planting date and density) influenced yield at all N rates. Combining increases in plant density and changes in genetics synergistically increased the EONR by 15% from baseline. Future climate scenarios without adaptation decreased the EONR and yield loss, but crop adaptation was buffered against the negative climate change impacts. We concluded that 59% of the annual EONR variability is manageable (due to genetics and management) and that G × M factors could buffer climate change's negative effects on crop production. Present results can inform experimental research on N fertilizer and N rate decisions.
对基因型、环境和管理(G × E × M)对玉米经济最适氮肥施用量(EONR)变异的贡献进行排序可提高对 EONR 的理解和预测能力。我们利用农业生产系统 sIMulator 模型进行了模拟实验,目的是:(1) 对美国中西部地区 24 个 G × E × M 因素对 EONR 的大小和年际变异性的影响进行排序;(2) 研究 G × M 因素在当前和未来气候情景下对 EONR 变异性的影响。结果表明,遗传(27%)、管理(31%)和环境条件(41%)分别对EONR的变异性产生影响。在这几大类因素中,影响 EONR 的前三个单个因素分别是年际天气变化、作物辐射利用效率和前一年的土壤无机氮结转。G × E × M 因素以不同方式影响产量对氮肥的反应。与土壤有关的因素(如有机质和残留硝酸盐)影响低氮肥率下的谷物产量,而管理因素(如播种日期和密度)则影响所有氮肥率下的产量。植物密度的增加与遗传学的变化相结合,协同作用下,EONR 比基线提高了 15%。在没有适应性的未来气候情景下,EONR 和产量损失都有所下降,但作物适应性对气候变化的负面影响起到了缓冲作用。我们的结论是,59%的年度EONR变化是可控的(由于遗传和管理),G × M因素可以缓冲气候变化对作物生产的负面影响。目前的研究结果可为有关氮肥和氮用量决策的实验研究提供参考。
期刊介绍:
After critical review and approval by the editorial board, AJ publishes articles reporting research findings in soil–plant relationships; crop science; soil science; biometry; crop, soil, pasture, and range management; crop, forage, and pasture production and utilization; turfgrass; agroclimatology; agronomic models; integrated pest management; integrated agricultural systems; and various aspects of entomology, weed science, animal science, plant pathology, and agricultural economics as applied to production agriculture.
Notes are published about apparatus, observations, and experimental techniques. Observations usually are limited to studies and reports of unrepeatable phenomena or other unique circumstances. Review and interpretation papers are also published, subject to standard review. Contributions to the Forum section deal with current agronomic issues and questions in brief, thought-provoking form. Such papers are reviewed by the editor in consultation with the editorial board.