INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO PREVENTION POULTRY SALMONELLOSIS

Abstract

Among food-borne toxic infections of humans, salmonellosis ranks second after campylobacteriosis. In Ukraine, in accordance with the order of the Ministry of Food and Agriculture of September 19, 2016 No. 310, an instruction on the prevention and elimination of poultry salmonellosis was developed and approved, which provides for the monitoring and control of salmonellosis infections. Preliminary diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical and epizootological data and patho-anatomical changes in organs and tissues. Positive serological reactions can be of decisive importance for confirming the presence of infection in the herd, however, they are not sufficient for making a diagnosis due to the possibility of cross-reactions with other Salmonella. The final diagnosis can be made only after isolation and identification of the culture of the causative agent. As one of the elements of the fight against salmonellosis, prophylactic vaccination of poultry is used. Inactivated and live vaccines have been proposed for this purpose. Immuno-prophylaxis allows to reduce the possibility of vertical and horizontal transmission of salmonella and the level of spread of microorganisms in the environment. Vaccination can reduce the degree of clinical manifestation of the disease, mortality and invasion of the pathogen in various organs, but does not prevent the infection of the bird. In Ukraine, vaccination against poultry salmonellosis is an additional measure of infection prevention and elimination. The basis for the introduction of mandatory vaccination is the presence of this infection in more than 10% of farms (according to the generalized data of laboratory studies). Vaccination is carried out in accordance with Commission Regulation CR (EC) No. 1177/2006. 3 for the specific prevention of salmonellosis, inactivated and live vaccines, DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, etc. are used. More than 20 commercial vaccines against poultry salmonellosis have been registered in the world. 11 vaccines are registered on the market in Ukraine, of which 1 is a preparation of a domestic manufacturer. For the prevention of salmonellosis infection in poultry farming, it is necessary to use a systematic approach, which involves the implementation of veterinary and sanitary measures to prevent the introduction of pathogens of infectious diseases into the farm, including monitoring and diagnostic studies throughout the entire technological chain of production, the use of effective drugs specific and at critical control points (НАССР) in order to ensure the absence of salmonella in the parent flock of poultry, in feed and in water. The system of effective control of epizootic welfare in relation to poultry salmonellosis involves the use of specific preventive measures that ensure long-term and reliable protection of poultry from infection and systematic microbiological monitoring of the spread of salmonella.